12 
INTRODUCTION 
has not occurred in any of its native haunts for eighty-six 
years. Two other species that are apparently extinct, or on the 
verge of extinction as regards Britain, are the Mazarine Blue and 
the Black-veined White ; it is now thirty-two years since a 
specimen of the former was taken in this country (except one 
recorded as having been captured near Eastbourne on July 16th, 
1902), and over seven years since the latter has been recorded. 
There are ten species that are not endemic, owing to their 
inability to establish themselves permanently in this country. 
Two of these, viz. the Milkweed Butterfly and Short-tailed 
Blue, have never been known to breed in Britain. Also, 
it is very doubtful whether the Camberwell Beauty has ever 
done so, for I know of no authentic instance of either the 
caterpillar or the chrysalis having been found in a wild state 
in the British Islands. Three other rare migrants, the Bath 
White, the Queen of Spain Fritillary and the Long-tailed 
Blue, have on very rare occasions bred in this country, but 
owing to the unfavourable conditions of an English winter, 
they are unable to establish a footing. The four remaining 
species, which may be classed among the regular migrants, 
are the Clouded Yellow, the Pale Clouded Yellow, the Painted 
Lady and the Red Admiral. These are natives of tropical 
and sub-tropical regions, where a succession of broods occurs. 
Prior to about the middle of last century, quite a few 
foreign species, including such kinds as the Scarce Swallow¬ 
tail and the Apollo, were included as British by the older 
authors. In the British Museum are two specimens of the 
Arran Brown {Ercbia ligea), which are alleged to have been 
taken in 1804 the island of Arran by Sir Patrick Walker 
on the moors behind Brodick Castle, but repeated searches 
for this butterfly subsequently made in the district have 
proved unsuccessful. Therefore, if these particular specimens 
were actually captured on Arran, they may have been among 
the last of the race which had lingered in their ancient 
Scottish home. Although it is not now recognised as a 
British insect, there is some likelihood that this species may 
still occur in some remote parts of Scotland, as there is at 
the present time in the rich Tring collection a fine specimen 
of this butterfly from the late A. E. Gibbs' collection ; it was in¬ 
cluded in the series of Ercbia aethiops (Scotch Argus) and labelled 
