QUEEN OF SPAIN FRITILLARY 
ioi 
to ochreous and appearing almost white in certain lights ; 
the colour gradually deepens, becoming yellower with a 
greenish tinge. On the fifth day the crown is dull grey, 
finally changing to lilac-grey. 
Larva. The larva, when fully grown, after the fourth 
moult, measures 31*8 mm. in length. The body is slightly 
tapered, mostly so at the anterior end. 
There are six rows of moderately long spines, 
stout at the base and sharply pointed ; all 
bear a number of shining black bristles ; 
those of the sub-dorsal series are olive- 
brown, with ochreous-brown bases; the 
super-spiracular row are paler brown, with 
amber bases; and those of the sub- 
spiracular series are wholly amber-brown, 
with pale tips. The ground colour is 
velvety-black. Down the back are two 
white lines composed of two longitudinal 
white streaks on the anterior part of each 
segment, these being followed posteriorly 
by a double row of white warts emitting 
black bristles. From the base of the spines 
are cream-coloured streaks, and the entire 
body is rather densely sprinkled with pure 
white minute warts, each emitting a black 
bristle. 
The larvae appear to avoid strong sun¬ 
shine and take shelter on the under side of 
the leaves, and often select the most shady 
part of the plant for the purpose, yet they 
enjoy warmth, being very active, and feed 
rapidly on the brightest and warmest days. 
During the last few days of their lives they feed voraciously 
upon the blossoms and leaves of both the Wild and Cultivated 
Pansy, but not on either the Dog Violet or Sweet Violet. The 
larval stage occupies twenty-three days. 
When ready for pupation, the larva spins a quantity of 
silk over the part of the plant selected, and an ample pad of 
silk to grasp with its hind claspers. After hanging for about 
thirty hours it pupates. 
Seventhscgmentof 
larva of the Queen of 
Spain Fritilfary on 
emergence from the 
egg (highly magni¬ 
fied). 
