THE GLANVILLE FRITILLARY 
127 
surface being ornamented with yellow knobs which replace 
the tubercles of the larva. The pupa is granulated and 
covered with a powdery bloom. The pupal state lasts about 
twenty days. It is attached by the cremastral hooks to a 
silken pad. 
Imago. The average 
expanse of wings in the 
male is 41 mm. ; in the 
female, 47 mm. Sexual 
difference exists chiefly 
in size ; the female usu¬ 
ally being much the 
larger, and generally 
pale ochreous in ground 
colour, the markings 
being heavier and the 
outer margins of the 
wings more rounded. 
Male. (Upper Side.) 
The ground colour is 
a bright tawny, banded 
and spotted with black. 
Fore wing. The base 
is dusky, across the cell 
are three black mark¬ 
ings and one just be¬ 
yond, formed like the 
letters OB (left wing). 
Below the B is a figure 
8, a single mark be- 
yond, between the ner- 
vures. Then three 
transverse bands cross 
the wing, followed by a 
black marginal band of 
lunate spots. 
Hind Wing. There are three black marks across the cell 
and three median bands similar to those on the fore wing, 
also a broader marginal band. The whole of the neuration 
is black. 
The winter nest of the Glanville Fritillary, 
containing forty-six hibernating larvae. Nest 
opened to show contents. Sketched 2.1.1890. 
