THE PEACOCK BUTTERFLY 
171 
fifth to eleventh segments, each have six longitudinal rows 
of shining black spines ; two only on the second and third 
segments, which are the longest; the fourth and anal seg¬ 
ments each have four spines; the first segment is without 
any, but has a transverse ridge of fine black hairs ; every 
segment is encircled with numerous pure white globular 
warts, each emitting a fine white hair. On the first segment 
is a shining black disc, and two others on the anal segment. 
The head and legs are shining black, the claspers are ochreous- 
brown at the base, bright ochreous in the middle, and the 
foot is pale. 
The larvae, when fully 
grown and ready for pupa¬ 
tion, disperse and wander 
away to pupate, seldom re¬ 
maining upon the food plant. 
I know of an instance of an 
entire brood of about four 
hundred larvae which as¬ 
cended, for the purpose of 
pupation, a large Oak tree 
growing by the edge of a 
wood. When first detected, 
they were about fifteen feet 
from the ground and were 
marching in a body up the 
main trunk, and shortly ^ r> , , 
afterwards dispersed and Sketched from life, 12.8.1886. 
spread about over the 
branches. The bed of Nettles upon which they had lived 
was about ten feet away from the tree. The larval state 
occupies twenty-seven days. 
Pupa. The pupa is suspended by the cremastral hooks to 
a pad of silk spun upon the surface of the object chosen by 
the larva. The male pupa averages 25 mm. long ; the female, 
28 mm. The head has two frontal diverging and sharply- 
pointed horns ; the base of the wing is bi-angular. The 
pupa is contracted across the waist; swollen at the middle 
and tapering to the anal segment, which terminates in a 
long cremastral point. The colour varies from light greenish- 
