194 NYMPHALIDAE 
marginal rows of black spots are distinct on the tawny 
ground colour. 
Life of Imago. The life of this butterfly is about thirty days. 
I have seen specimens captured and killed by dragonflies, 
also by hornets, and have found a large number which had 
obviously been attacked by birds, having triangular pieces 
clipped from their hind wings, caused by the birds beaks. 
Apparently this species is less subject to the attacks of 
ichneumons than is the case with so many other species. 
Aberration. Aberration is confined to the development of 
the white markings. Occasionally the bands are more or 
less obliterated, such specimens are known as ab. scminigrina ; 
in rarer cases they are altogether absent, ab. nigrina . I he 
under side agrees with the upper side in the development of 
the markings in each phase of aberration. 
This more or less melanic aberration occurs occasionally 
wherever L. Camilla is common, especially in the New r Forest, 
where in certain years it has been comparatively plentiful; 
such w f as the case in 1881 and 1896, and especially in the 
years 1918-1919, when many were captured. Since then it 
has been very scarce in the New Forest and elsewhere, except 
in August, 1932, when I saw eight specimens within a week 
in a locality in Sussex, but mostly in a worn condition. My 
daughter Valezina captured no less than five which varied 
from true ab. nigrina to ab. scminigrina, having the bands 
more or less obliterated. I took two others of similar aberra¬ 
tion and another was seen. Although L. Camilla was common 
in the same locality in 1933, no aberrations were observed. 
In the same locality in Sussex, in July, 1934* specimens of 
the melanic were again met with, and others were observed 
in Hampshire, Surrey and Kent. On July 10th, 1934, I 
obtained a single egg of this species, which hatched the 
following week. The larva rapidly fed up and became fully 
grown on August 8th ; it suspended itself for pupation after 
midnight and pupated at 12.30 noon, August 9th, a most 
unusual and remarkable case of rapid transformation of only 
twelve hours’ duration. The process normally occupies thirty 
hours or more. This individual is an example of a second 
brood. 
