288 
PIERIDAE 
Pupa. The pupa measures 16 mm. 
long ; in shape it is intermediate be¬ 
tween the pupa of the Orange Tip and 
that of the Clouded Yellow; it also 
bears a close resemblance to the pupa 
of the Brimstone, but is much more 
slender. The head terminates in a 
long, slightly-upturned beak; the 
thorax is swollen ; the base of the 
abdomen is sunken, again bulging in 
the middle ; it then runs in a gentle 
curve to the anal segment, which is 
flattened at the extremity and fur¬ 
nished with cremastral hooks; these are 
firmly anchored to a pad of silk spun 
on the stem of the plant. The costal 
margins of the wings are much arched 
in the middle, forming an angular outline in profile. 
The colour at first is a clear light green; the abdomen is 
yellow-green ; the beak and antennae gradually turn lilac-pink 
and a streak of the same colour runs along the inner margin of 
the wing and blends into a whitish spiracular line. A very 
fine black line runs down the centre of the head and thorax. 
The pupa is attached to the stem- by a silken cord round the 
middle and by the cremastral hooks to a pad of silk. The 
general colouring and shape 
closely resemble a withered 
and partly-eaten leaf of the 
food plant. The lilac-pink 
markings vary in intensity 
in different individuals. The 
pupal stage lasts about 
ten months, except in the 
case of the pupae producing 
the second brood; these 
occupy this state for about 
eight days only. 
Imago. The average ex¬ 
panse of the wings is 42mm. 
Male. [Upper Side.) The 
The Wood White at rest. Sketched 
from life. 
Segment of the larva of 
ie Wood White, just after 
itching. 
