I 
THE SMALL WHITE 305 
Hibernation. The Small White hibernates in the pupal 
state, which occupies from six to eight months. 
Egg. The eggs are deposited singly on the under surface 
of the leaves, and usually not more than one on a leaf. The 
egg stands erect, is of an elongated conical form, a little 
convex just below the summit, fullest about the middle, and 
slightly less near the base, which is firmly attached to the 
leaf. It has twelve longitudinal keels, with the intervening 
spaces between the keels delicately ribbed transversely. The 
colour when first laid is a very pale yellowish-green-white ; 
in twenty-four hours it becomes deeper in tone, inclining to 
primrose-yellow. The egg stage lasts from three days to a 
week, according to the temperature. In very warm weather 
the eggs hatch when three 
days old. 
Larva. The young larva 
remains upon the egg for 
about two hours to feed on 
the shell, which forms its 
first meal. It then moves 
on to the leaf and eats a 
circular hole in the cuticle 
of one side, close to the egg 
site; it turns round and 
rests in a straight position 
and generally about its own length from the hole, with its 
head furthest away. After resting for a short time it returns 
to the same spot and again feeds and quickly eats through 
the whole substance of the leaf, if young and tender; after 
a few meals taken from the same spot it commences at a 
fresh place, each hole increasing in size, until the leaf is 
perforated in many places. 
The larva grows rapidly, and after moulting four times it 
attains full growth when about twenty days old; it then 
measures from 23 mm. to 25 mm. in length. The body is 
cylindrical, being only slightly tapered at the first and last 
segments. The head is rather smaller than the first segment. 
The ground colour is pale green, darkest above and palest 
below, which is whitish-green. Along the centre of theback is a 
yellowish line extending from the head to the last segment. 
u 
The Small White (Gynandrons, 
9.8.1923, Bath. C.B. Coney coll.) 
B.B. 
