3 10 
PIERIDAE 
ranging from a bright green to pale buff; some pupae are 
nearly spotless, while others are boldly marked and speckled 
with black. 
As in other Picridae , the colour of the pupa is influenced 
by the colouring of the object to which it is attached. 
Although often spun up on palings and other structures, it is 
more often found upon foliage, owing to its haunts being 
mostly in the open country. It is attached to the site by a 
silken thread round the middle and by the cremastral hooks. 
The pupal state extends over a period of eight or nine 
months. 
Imago. The average expanse of the wings is 50 mm. In 
P. napi there is a distinct sexual difference as well as a 
seasonal variation. 
Male. (Upper Side.) The 
male has the upper side white, 
slightly tinged with yellow ; 
the costal margin and nervures 
are pale grey ; the apex of the 
fore wing is black or grey, and 
near the middle is a black spot 
The Green-veined White ( Female and another adjoining the apical 
ab. fasciata, Co. Clare, July, 1914.) blotch, also One On the COSta of 
the hind wing. The base of the 
wings is blackish. The thorax is buff in front, the rest of the 
body is dusky. 
(Under Side.) The fore wing is white, except for a 
yellow apex. The whole of the hind wing varies from pale 
primrose-yellow to rich citrine-yellow. The nervures of 
the upper wing are grey, dusted with black scales, those 
on the hind wing being olive and orange at the base of 
the costa. 
Female. (Upper Side.) The ground colour of the upper side 
varies from white to cream. All the markings and nervures 
are more heavily developed than in the male, and there is an 
additional black blotch uniting a blackish club-shaped dash 
along the inner margin of the fore wing. 
(Under Side.) The normal colouring is bright primrose- 
yellow ; otherwise it varies from pale lemon-yellow to mustard- 
yellow. 
