326 
PIERIDAE 
Larva. The larva escapes from the egg by eating its way 
out at the side. Its first meal after its exit is the empty 
egg-shell. I have seen many feeding on them, and noticed 
one larva, after resting in the usual manner along the midrib 
of the leaflet, turn round and crawl straight to its cast egg-shell. 
It at once seized one of the keels and gnawed it through ; 
it appeared to cut it through with difficulty, working its jaws 
like scissors until at last it bit it asunder and then ate down¬ 
wards ; after making a meal of this, it returned to the midrib 
and again rested. It was a newly-hatched larva which had 
not yet fed on the leaflet. When quite young, the larva feeds 
only on the upper cuticle of the leaf close to the midrib, and 
after each meal it returns to the midrib, along which it rests 
in a straight position, but when a few days old, it eats through 
the leaf, completely perforating it. 
Unlike its near ally C. crocetis , C. hyalc has a hibernating 
stage. The larva enters into hibernation about a month, 
or-rive weeks, after hatching from the egg, and remains in a 
state of complete torpidity throughout a period of about four 
months. From careful observations carried out, apparently 
the normal time for the larva to cease hibernation is during 
the middle of January. As the larva is unable to withstand 
a temperature below about 40° Fahr., and as continuous damp 
atmosphere is fatal to it, larvae invariably succumb in this 
country. 
After moulting five times, the larva attains full growth, 
and when about 240 days old, after hibernating, it measures 
31*80 mm., and is almost cylindrical. The ground colour is 
a clear light green, but has a darkish velvety appearance, due 
to the whole of the upper surface being densely sprinkled with 
black warts, each bearing a rather long black bristle ; those 
on the ventral surface are white. Besides the warts, the 
surface is also covered with extremely minute black granu¬ 
lations. The spiracular line is tricoloured, having a border 
of white running the whole length ; the anterior half of each 
segment is a brilliant lemon-yellow reaching just beyond the 
spiracle, then deepening into orange-vermilion, which fades 
into orange posteriorly ; the spiracle is white, very finely 
outlined with black. The. head, legs and claspers are green 
and covered with bristles similar to those on the body. In 
