346 
PAPILIONIDAE 
varying from milk-white to pinkish-buff and are more or less 
variegated with brown and black, which covers the head and 
runs down the centre of the thorax and abdomen ; there is 
also a black spiracular band. The pupa is firmly attached to 
a stem or other suitable support by the anal hooks and by 
a silken cincture round the waist. 
The pupal state varies greatly according to the time of 
the year. Those that produce the second emergence of butter¬ 
flies remain only a short time in the pupal state, while others 
remain as pupae throughout the winter. 
Imago. Usually there is a distinct sexual difference in 
size, the female being considerably the larger, otherwise the 
sexes are similar in pattern and colouration. The expanse of 
the male is from 76 mm. to 82*50 mm., and of thefemale from 
88 mm. to 93 mm. 
The ground colour varies from pale primrose-yellow to a 
deeper ochreous-yellow. Both the fore and hind wings are 
banded and streaked with black, the hinder pair with addi¬ 
tional ornamentations of blue and red. The fore wings have a 
broad black marginal band intersected by a row of primrose- 
yellow lunular spots close and parallel to the outer margin. 
Three large black blotches extend from the costal margin, 
and the whole basal area is black and powdered with yellow, 
similar to the marginal band. The hind wings have a broad 
sub-marginal black band, powdered with blue, and a series 
of six yellow lunules, which are duplicated along the extreme 
margin ; the elongated tail of the fourth median nervure is 
black and yellow. At the anal angle is a conspicuous rounded 
blotch of deep Indian-red, powdered with blue on the upper 
edge, and almost encircled with a black ring. In some 
specimens the lunules are blotched with red, especially at the 
outer angle. The under side is similar in pattern to the 
upper, but all the black markings are much more densely 
powdered with yellow scales, and there are red blotches between 
the discoidal cell and the marginal band. 
Life of Imago. The life of the butterfly is between twenty- 
five and thirty days. 
Aberration. Aberration is chiefly confined to the breadth 
of the marginal bands; the black markings at the apex of 
the fore wings; and the space between the discoidal cell and 
