356 
HESPERIIDAE 
and the surface is finely granulated and densely sprinkled 
with white tubercles, each emitting a white hair. The ground 
colour is pale green, dorsally striped with olive-brown and 
with pale flesh-colour alternating; the sides are mottled with 
pinkish-drab and olive. The anal comb is fan-shaped and 
consists of about twenty tines, the central ones being the 
longest. It has no white waxy substance, as have other 
Hesperiidae. 
During the last stage the larva still lives concealed under 
the shelter of rolled-up leaves, generally formed of half a leaf 
folded up. The larval stage lasts about sixty days. The 
larva is solitary. 
Pupa. The pupa is 1270 mm. long. The head is bluntly 
conical; the thorax is slightly swollen, rather sunken at the 
waist; the abdomen is almost straight dorsally and terminates 
in a long cremaster and a bunch of long curved hooks variously 
directed and resembling springs coiled at the ends. The 
surface is roughly granulated; the wings and limbs are 
striated, of a pearly-olive colour, more or less covered with 
a white, powdery substance ; the head and thorax are pale 
brown. The abdomen is light reddish-brown blotched and 
speckled with black ; except for the wings, it is densely 
clothed with sharply-pointed amber-coloured bristles. The 
tongue extends to the apex of the wings. 
The cremastral hooks are anchored to a mass of silk spun 
in the loose network cocoon enclosing the pupa. The cocoon 
is always spun among the basal stems of the food plant. 
The pupa has no cincture round the waist ; the bristles 
covering it retain it in position in the cocoon. 
The pupal stage lasts about nine months. 
Imago. The sexual difference is distinct. The wing ex¬ 
panse averages 27 mm. 
Male . (Upper Side.) The basal half of the costa of the 
fore wing is folded back. The ground colour is black, 
checkered with white spots of various shapes and sizes on 
both pairs of wings, which are clothed over the basal half 
with greenish-grey. The fringes are white, checkered with 
black. 
(Under Side.) The fore wing is black and grey, spotted 
as above ; the hind wing varies from ochreous-grey to fulvous- 
