THE SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER 
377 
-cocoon so that the pupa is securely anchored “ fore and aft.” 
At the base of the wing is a raised disc. The entire surface 
of the wings and limbs is covered with a lilac-grey bloom, 
very easily detached ; it also covers the interior of the cocoon 
like whitish powder and small flakes are sprinkled over the 
pupa. Apparently it is of the same waxy substance as that 
on the larva. The head and thorax are pale olive, mottled 
with blackish ; the abdomen is olive, spotted with dark olive 
and yellowish on the ventral surface ; below each spiracle is 
a short longitudinal mark ; the spiracles are amber-brown. 
Such is the description of the female 
pupa; the male differs in having a 
well-defined elongated, dusky ridge 
covering the sexual androconial mark 
on the fore wing. 
The pupal stage averages only about 
ten days. 
Imago. The sexual difference is dis¬ 
tinct. The average expanse of the 
wings in the male is 31 mm. ; in the 
female, 36 mm. 
Male. (Upper Side.) The ground 
colour is deep olive-brown ; the fore 
wing has a central broad black sexual 
mark ; along the upper edge is a layer 
of metallic leaden-coloured androconial 
scales ; near the tip of the wing is a 
series of six amber-yellow spots. The 
hind wing has a series of four light fulvous spots beyond 
the middle, and one at the end of the cell; the fringes are 
The cremastral process 
of the pupa of the Silver- 
spotted Skipper. 
cream colour. 
(Under Side.) The under side of the apex and costa of 
fhe fore wing and hind wing is green ; the discoidal cell of 
the fore wing is fulvous and the base blackish. The hind 
wing is spotted with silvery-white; three near the base 
and six beyond the middle, each edged with black. Over the 
eye is a curved tuft of black hairs. 
Female. The female is much larger than the male and all 
the markings are more clearly defined, also the female has 
no sexual mark in the fore wing. 
