THE GARDENING WORLD, 
January 5, 1907. 
14 
than most other things of the same kind. 
C. gymnocarpa is another one frequently 
employed for bedding, and grows taller and 
much more freely. It can readily -be raised 
from seeds by sowing in heat in March, and 
the plants will be ready by the time for bed¬ 
ding out. The leaves are much more evenly 
cut than the plant you have got, but they 
are not so white. If 12 in. to 18 in. is not 
too high for your purpose, you can keep it 
dwarfer by pinching the leading shoots at 
intervals, thus getting more bushy plants. 
It is a graceful plant, however, much more 
so than Senecio maritimus, which is simi¬ 
larly coloured, but broader in leaf and less 
graceful. C. gymnocarpa can readily be 
kept in a greenhouse during winter by pro¬ 
pagating it in September. 
1397. Blue Primrose. 
Does the blue Primrose come true from 
seed, or would some of them be purple, white 
and yellow like other Prim'roses? If only 
some of them come blue, w.hat is the best 
way to propagate them? I would like a bed 
of them. (A. M. B., Somerset.) 
The seed of the blue Primrose does not 
exactly come true from seed, but you would 
get a considerable variety of colours, most 
of them shades of blue, though some of them 
might verge on blue-purple or violet-purple. 
There is a difference of opinion as to which 
shade of blue is the .prettiest, but from a 
packet of seed you can select those which 
you most admire, and propagate them by 
division. If they thrive in your district, as 
they should do, better than at London, you 
can soon, get a considerable number from 
any one plant which may take your fancy. 
Variety, however, is acceptable to most peo¬ 
ple, and in a batch of seedlings you would 
get several quite choice and worthy of pre¬ 
servation. Saving seed from the best of them 
would also give other plants of the shade of 
colour you prefer. 
ROSES. 
1398. Roses Under Glass. 
(i) You would greatly oblige me if you 
would give a list of twelve climbing Roses 
for 'indoors, or rather under glass to be 
grown for sale of flowers. I have a house 
100 ft. long, but unheated. (2) Would you 
give me a list of pot or house Roses (not 
climbing) for the same purpose. (A Sub¬ 
scriber, Hants.). 
(1) Twelve climbing Roses of first-class 
quality- for the purpose you name and free 
flowering are climbing Caroline Testout, 
Mrs. W. J. Grant, Cheshunt Hybrid and 
climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, which 
are Hybrid Teas; others are Marechal Niel, 
William Allen Richardson and Fortune’s 
Yellow (Noisettes); Climbing Niphetos and 
Mme. Carnot (Teas); Climbing Souvenir de 
la Malmaison (Bourbon); Dorothy Perkins 
or Lady- Gay and Hiawatha (Wichuraiana). 
(2) A dozen pot Roses that would give satis¬ 
faction are the Hybrid Teas, Caroline Test¬ 
out, La France, Liberty and Lady Batter¬ 
sea; Hybrid Perpetuals, Capt. Hayward, 
Mrs. John Laing and Frau Karl Druschki; 
and the Teas, The Bride, Lady Roberts, 
Mme. Hosie, Souvenir de Pierre Notting and 
Sunrise. 
1399. Roses in a Warm Greenhouse. 
(1) 1 have lately come inito possession of 
a lean-to greenhouse in which there is a 
Marechal Niel climbing Rose planted in the 
earth of the floor and trained up the side 
to the roof. Will this suffer any harm by 
the temperature in the greenhouse being 
kept at 60 deg. to 50 deg. for winter, from 
the beginning of November to the end of 
March? The leaves have mostly dropped 
off, but there are signs of new shoots, and 
it appears to be quite healthy and free from 
mildew, etc. (2) I have some other Tea Roses 
in pots. Should these be removed from the 
greenhouse in summer and kept in a frame 
and then 'returned to the greenhouse in 
January or February? The greenhouse 
faces south and gets plenty of sun. I have 
obtained valuable hints from your paper 
from time to time. (Rose, Shipley). 
We are not quite certain what you mean 
by your figures unless 50 deg. is the maxi¬ 
mum figure by night, which is quite suffi¬ 
cient for a greenhouse in Which flowering 
plants are kept during winter. It may be 
allowed to rise 5 deg. by day or 10 deg. 
by sun heat, and if you aim at this we do 
not think that your Marechal Niel will 
suffer any harm. When the days lengthen 
and the light gets better the temperature may 
even, be allowed to rise to 65 deg. by sun¬ 
shine, but, of course, at that figure and at 
that time of the year you would be giving 
a considerable amount of air according to 
the conditions of the weather. (2) Your 
Roses would do better if removed from the 
greenhouse in summer and not placed in 
a frame, but in the full sunshine to ripen 
their wood. Stand the pots on a bed of 
ashes to keep the worms from getting in the 
pots. Late in autumn when there is danger 
from frost you can cover up the pots with 
bracken and leave them in the open until 
you intend commencing to force the Roses 
again in the months you mention. 
TREES AND SHRUBS. 
1400. Trees with Coloured Foliage. 
Please name about half-a-dozen variegated 
and purple-leaved shrubs that would grow 
about the same height and be suitable for 
a bed near the entrance gate. (Variegated, 
Staffis.). 
Shrubs of easy culture and that would be 
hardy in y-our county are Cornus alba 
Spaethii (golden variegation), C. A. sibirica 
elegantissima and Silver Queen Holly (sil¬ 
ver variegation), Prumus cerasifera atropur- 
purea, purple Hazel and purple Barberry, 
all with purple leaves. The Prunus is best 
kiniown in gardens as P. Pissardi, Some of 
these form rather upright buishes, while 
others are naturally more spreading, but as 
they can all be pruned back to a uniform 
height in March this does not matter. In¬ 
deed, you will get the best foliage from 
plants that are commonly more or less cut 
back as the pruning encourages them to 
throw up strong, shoots that are well fur¬ 
nished with leaves of good size. 
1401. Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora. 
Would you please tell me if it is necessary 
to give any protection to Hydrangea panicu¬ 
lata grandiflora? 1 have several plants 
which flowered well last summer and should 
not like to lose them. Do they require any 
pruning, and when is the best time? (Hy¬ 
drangea, Northamptonshire). 
The Hydrangea you mention is quite hardy 
over a .great part of the country and meed 
not receive any protection whatever. In¬ 
land districts are much colder than those 
towards the sea coast, however, and in your 
case you could make certain if the winter 
proves severe by placing some dry bracken 
over the crowns or centre of .the plant. It 
is usually better to prune' them back in 
March so as to .secure strong young shoots 
which will give large heads of flowers. So 
long as the centre of the plant is protected, 
therefore, it will be quite safe. 
VEGETABLES. 
1402. Cropping a Small Kitchen Garden. 
It is only quite recently that I have made 
the acquaintance of your engaging paper, 
and I should like to ask if any articles have' 
appeared in The Gardening World on the 
above subject? If so, say in what numbers 
the articles appeared and whether they are 
in print. (Beginner, Sussex). 
Several questions have, been given in back 
numbers relating to the cropping of the 
kitchen garden from some standpoint or 
other. On p. 756 you will find question 
No. 1114, “ How to Use the Garden for 
Vegetables ”; on p. 737, No. 1085, is an 
answer on “ Vegetables for Shallow Soil ” ; 
and on p. 666, No. 998, is a question, “ How 
to Plant a Plot of Land.” From these you 
will be able to glean particulars which may 
apply to you.r case. The above 'numbers are 
still obtainable by applying direct to the 
publisher. 
FRUIT. 
1403. English and French Paradise Stocks. 
Would you kindly tell me what is the 
difference between English Paradise Stocks 
and French Paradise Stocks? (Tulip, Kent). 
These are merely names of varieties of 
Apples which have at one time been raised 
from seeds and selected because found to 
possess a habit suitable for grafting trees 
in order to reduce their vigour and induce 
early fruitfulness. Some of the points about 
these Stocks are that .they are. of moderate 
vigour and produce plenty of fibrous roots 
instead of a few long rambling ones. Of 
the Stocks mentioned the English Paradise 
is the stronger grower and has broader 
leaves than the other. It is most useful for 
fruit trees out of doors, and in this country 
it is very largely employed. The French 
Paradise is a weaker-growing tree with 
smaller leaves, and although it is worth 
being used for Apple trees to be grown in 
pots, it is of little service for trees out of 
doors because it is too weak and the grafts 
put upon them do not make a satisfactory 
growth, nor can they bear so well as those 
grafted on the English Paradise. 
1404. Pruning of Fig Trees. 
Would you kindly oblige me with a few 
hints as to the pruning and general treat¬ 
ment of Fig trees. (Constant Reader, 
Lanarkshire). 
We presume that you would only attempt 
to cultivate Fig trees under glass in your ■ 
locality as the climate would be too cold 
and thie season too short to ripen them in the 
open) air. Unless you have a limestone or 
chalk subsoil the trees would grow too ram¬ 
pantly, could not ripen their wood, and 
would be liable to be more or less cut back 
by frost in winter. If you want to grow 
the trees planted out in a border it is neces¬ 
sary to prepare one of limited dimensions. 
The natural 1 soil should be taken- out to a 
depth of 2 ft. deep and wide. A brick wall 
should surround it to restrict the root run 
of the trees, and some hardening material 
may be beaten into the bottom of the border 
over which you can place some drainage. 
While making a limiting wall it is necessary 
to leave some openings- near the base so that 
the border will not be waterlogged. The 
house in which they are grown should be 
kept at a high temperature like that of a 
moist, warm stove. If you intend to grow 
the plants in pots, good fibrous loam mixed 
with some well-decayed cow dung and sand 
to make it porous should be used. Pots are 
-better when plunged in a bed of fermenting 
material with a bottom heat of 65 deg. The 
temperature of the house at might may be 
50 deg., rising to 60 deg. during the day 
with sumshinie, and if it should rise a little 
higher no harm will result. As the davs 
lengthen the night temperature may be 
gradually raised to 55 deg., and then 60 
deg., with a still further rise by the heat 
of the 9un. In the way of pruning it will 
