January 5, 1907. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
10 
Fruit Growing 
for Amateurs. 
T 
% 
1_ APPLES. 
(Continued.) 
Canker. — If trees are grown in cold, 
clayey soil canker will probably appear. 
It is a warty swelling on the branches, and 
quickly causes the loss o*f those affected 
unless checked. 
If the diseased parts are cut out care¬ 
fully, and the branches painted with a 
solution of fir tree oil, a cure may be 
(See Figure 10.) 
effected. One gallon of quick lime, a 
quarter of a pound of lamp black, mixed 
in boiling water to form a thick paint will 
answer if applied in a warm condition. 
All loose bark should be removed near 
70 . Showing how canker affects an Apple 
tree. A, a branch cankered right across. 
B, one -partially cankered through. 
the affected parts. This will cure Ameri¬ 
can blight. 
(See Figure q.) 
The Winter Moth and the'Codein 
Moth. —The female is 'wingless and so 
cannot fly, but it crawls up the trunks 
and any posts which are used to support 
the tree. It lays its eggs amongst the 
leaves and the young trusses of flower 
buds. To prevent it gaining access to the 
9 . American Blight or Woolly Aphis. The 
arrow points to the aphis, which is shown 
about natural size. 
8 . Showing how to place grease bands 
around the trunk of a tree as a guard against 
the Winter Moth. 
branches, wrap cloth bands well greased 
around the trunks and posts about one 
foot from the ground. Put on more 
(See Figure 8.) 
grease as the cloths dry. These grease 
bands should be placed in position first 
during the month of September, and be 
kept on all through the winter. 
As a preventive to the Codlin Moth, use 
A 
11. Showing larva of Codlin Moth. The 
arrow A points to the grub's entrance; and 
B, the grub in the core of the Apple. 
bands of greasy cloths from February to 
(See Figure 11.) 
June, or even later. The larva of the 
Codlin Moth eats its way to the core of 
the fruit, then the latter drops off the tree 
prematurely, and though .it may appear 
to be ripe it is not properly matured; the 
grub inside has been the cause. Every 
fallen fruit must be destroyed if grubs 
are in them. The soil beneath the tree 
should be carefully gathered up and 
burned in a smother. You may not get 
rid of these pests in one season, but if 
you persevere for several years the orchard 
may be cleared of them. 
Stocks for Apples.— The Paradise 
stock makes many fibrous roots and in¬ 
duces early fruiting. These stocks are 
(.See Figures 1 and 2.) 
best for grafting trees for growing in small 
gardens, and trained as bushes, pyramids, 
espaliers and cordons. The Crab stock 
/. A yearling maiden from a bud. 
is best for standards for orchards and es¬ 
paliers which are required to make a lot 
of growth. 
Grafting. — The stocks should be 
headed down in winter, and the scions 
selected before any sap rises in, them. 
The best time to graft is from the end of 
March to the end of April. The stock 
should be a few weeks in advance of the 
■ scion, so this is the reason • why we cut 
off and keep the latter heeled in the soil 
in some cool shady place until the time 
-for inserting it in the stock arrives.' 
2. A yearling maiden from a graft. The 
junction of the latter with the stock is shown 
where the arrow points. 
