ip 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
February 23, 1907. 
1559. Apple Tree with Red Substance Exud¬ 
ing. 
Can you tell me what to do in the follow¬ 
ing circumstances :—I had an Apple tree 
which last year bore plenty of blossom, but 
no fruit, and on examining it I discovered 
in the fork of the main branches a small 
hole, from which exuded a red substance 
forming quite a little heap under the tree. 
What treatment would you advise? (F. G. 
Jarrett, Kent.) 
Your tree is suffering from some of the 
boring caterpillars, and judging from what 
you say, it is the caterpillar of the Wood 
Leopard moth (Zeuzera Aesculi). You 
should get a wire that is sufficiently pliable, 
and at the same time fairly strong, to push 
up the opening, so as to kill the caterpillar 
if possible in its hole. Sometimes these 
holes are crooked, and a wire may fail to 
crush the caterpillar. The red', substance 
you speak of is simply the wood that has 
been chewed up by the caterpillar, and 
which is usually named frass. If you are 
in doubt about reaching the caterpillar, you 
could get a syringe with a small nozzle to 
it and squirt some paraffin into the hole. 
Soft soap and tobacco water have also been 
recommended. We think, however, that va- 
porite would answer the purpose admirably, 
and be less trouble to get into the hole than, 
paraffin. Force some of this powder into' 
the hole with a peg, close the opening up 
with a bit of clay, and leave it there. The 
fumes will destroy the caterpillar. The 
tree may be weak if the tunnel is in the 
centre of the main stem, though if there is 
only one caterpillar, the tree should get over 
it. In some cases it is necessary to stake 
the tree to prevent its being broken over by 
the wind until the stem thickens. If the 
boring really prevented the tree from fruit¬ 
ing last year, it should shew signs of dis¬ 
tress this, and if so the stem will have to 
be removed to the base of the boring and 
other branches taken up, or else a young 
tree planted. These things you will best be 
able to determine for yourself. 
MISCELLANEOUS . 
1560. Rhind’s “ Yegetable Kingdom.” 
Can you tell me the cost of a book called 
“ The Vegetable Kingdom,” with coloured 
and plain steel plates, and published by 
Blackie & Son, edited by Professor Rhind, 
about fifty years ago, and oblige. (W. 
Green, Nottingham.) 
Rhind’s ‘’Vegetable Kingdom” has been 
out of print for many years. We believe 
it was 31s. 6d. when new. Occasionally we 
see secondhand copies of it offered in the 
catalogues of booksellers, but they are not 
very numerous. Ais far as the information 
is concerned, it is much out of date by this 
time in many cases. 
1561. Microbes for the Soil. 
Will you kindly say where these microbes 
can be obtained? I have sons who are 
farming in Australia, and wish to intro¬ 
duce them. (A. F. Laughton, Middlesex.) , 
The microbes to which we referred on 
p. 95 were those used by Professor W. B. 
Bottomley, so that you might write to him 
at 15, Lilyville Read, Fulham, London, 
S.W., and possibly he will tell you where 
he obtains them. These microbes were also 
cultivated by Dr. George T. Moore, Labora¬ 
tory of Plant Physiology, L T nited States 
Department cf Agriculture. We believe 
these microbes were being sold or distributed 
amongst farmers in the United States, but 
possibly you would be able.to buy or pro¬ 
cure some from that source. 
1562. Books. 
Would you please supply me with the 
name and 'price of a book that will tell how 
to plant and till a flower and vegetable gar¬ 
den, a book that deals with gardening and 
greenhouse work all throughout, as I am a 
young beginner. (A New Reader, West 
Bromwich.) 
It would make a very large book to deal 
fully with all those subjects you mention 
under one cover. It is therefore convenient 
to write upon these subjects separately. A 
very useful book which deals with vegetables 
and flowers, including greenhouse treatment 
where that is required, is “ The Culture of 
Vegetables and Flowers,” 12th edition, by 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, price 5s. 
Another one is the “ Book of Vegetables,” 
by G. Wythes, published by John Lane, The 
Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, price 
2 S. 6d. A bcok dealing with greenhouse, 
frames, etc., is named “ Greenhouse Man¬ 
agement for Amateurs,A by W. J. May, 
published by L. Upcott Gill, Bazaar Build¬ 
ings, Drury Lane, London, price 5s. qd. 
post-free. 
1563. A Twelve Hours’ Boiler. 
Can any one of your readers inform me 
for how long a wrought Finsbury boiler of 
the usual flush front type, with water way 
front, measuring iS in. by 14 in. by 14 in., 
can be relied upon to keep alight? No 
boiler that will not run for at least twelve 
hours is of use to me, as I am frequently 
from home that length of time. I had a 
“Star” 26 by 12 boiler (that is a plain 
cylindrical boiler), which would frequently 
run so long and sometimes not. The great 
difficulty is that when running slowly the 
boiler goes out with a change of wind, or 
the fuel sticks. In either case a lot of 
trouble is entailed in raking out. It seems 
to me that a 14 by 14 boiler would be less 
liable to stick, but would it run as long as 
a boiler 12 in. in breadth and proportion¬ 
ately increased in height? The question of 
heating small greenhouses seems worth a 
special article, for the management of the 
fire is not so simple as the manufacturers 
profess. I have lately been trying a twelve 
hours’ stove, and find it very extravagant 
and unsatisfactory in heating, but it gene¬ 
rally burns twelve hours. (F. J. Clarke, 
Essex.) 
NAMES OF PLANTS. 
(John Ryan) T, Veronica Traversii; 2, 
Cryptomeria japonica elegans; 3, Juniperus 
chinensis al'bo-variegata; 4, Cotoneaster 
microphylla; 5, Berberis Darwinii; 6, Os- 
manthus Aquifolium var.—(R. Hammond) It 
appears to be the African Lily (Agapanthus 
umbellatus), but there are many plants with 
similar leaves. You should have told us 
something about the flowers as a guide, or 
send flowers when in bloom.—(A. Broom) 
Saxifraga ligulata.—(Nonplussed) Chimon- 
anthus fragrans grandiflorus (the darkest 
variety we have been).—(J. H. B.) 1, Neph- 
rolepis cordifolia ; 2, Polystichum angulare 
var. ; 3, Asplenium bulbiferum fabianum ; 4, 
Pteris cretica albo-lineata; 5, Nephrolepis 
cordifolia, or a slight variety of it; 6, 
Gymnoigramme calomelanos chrysophylla; 
7, Polypodium vulgare cambricum (if it 
bears spores it is another variety) ; 8, Scolo- 
pendrium vulgare bifurcatum ; 9, Adiantum 
cuneatum gracillimum; 10, Gj'mnogramme 
calomelanos var.; 11, Adiantum cuneatum; 
12, Aspidium triangulum ; 13, Gymnogramme 
schizophylla; 14, Polypodium (material not 
sufficient for name); 15, Aspidium capense ; 
16, Asp.lenium furcatum; 17, Lastrea Filix- 
mas paleacea cristata; 18, Asplenium vivi- 
parum; 19, Scolopendrium vulgare cris- 
pum; 20, Ruellia Portellae. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Sutton and Sons, Reading, England.— 
Sutton’s Farmers’ Year Bcok, and Graziers’ 
Manual. 
John K. King and Sons, Coggeshall, 
Essex.—Manual of Gardening; also My 
Rectory Garden and What to Grow in it; 
and Pedigree Farm Seeds. 
A. Ll. GwIllim, Cambria Nursery, New 
Eltham, Kent.—Begonias. 
Francois Gerbeaux, 21 , Rue de Cronstadt, 
21 , Nancy, France.—Spring Catalogue. 
-- 
TRADE NOTICE. 
Robert Toope’s Patent Automatic Safety 
Lamp. 
Messrs 1 . Charles Toope (F.R.H.S.) and Son, 
Stepney Square, Stepney High Street, Stepney, 
London, E., send us some illustrations of a 
heating apparatus contrived by Mr. Robert 
Toope, and which, we think, bears out his 
statement that it is absolutely safe in work¬ 
ing. A reservoir holds the oil, and that is 
taken, by means of a slender pipe to the lamp, 
which may be situated in any particular posi¬ 
tion according to requirements. It is employed 
for heating incubators, chicken brooders, for 
lighting rooms or for heating boilers for green¬ 
houses, garden frames, etc. In the case of 
boilers and apparatus for heating garden 
frames the oTl reservoir may be fitted up in 
any convenient place, while the lamp la placed 
under the boiler, and the two are connected by 
piping. The supply of oil to the wick is auto¬ 
matically governed by a valve device placed 
in the chamber. The amount of oil consumed 
bv the wick regulates the feed by the natural 
law of supply and demand. As fast as it has 
been burned it is supplied at an equal rate. 
Thi 1 ensures an equal depth of oil on the 
wick, whether the flame is high or low, and 
whether the reservoir is full or nearly empty. 
This means a perfect, steady flame and uni¬ 
form heat. 
-- 
Siberian Arbor Vitae.—B y some curi- 
olus chance the above name has been 
given to Thuya occidentalis in North 
America. It would seem that someone is 
fond of giving uncommon names to native 
plants, for that Conifer is peculiarly an 
American plant. 
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