April .27, ig° 7 - 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
Soldanella montana apparently, but might 
be S. alpina. You did not send a flower.— 
(L. Lawrence) i, Chionodoxa Luciliae; 2, 
Polygala Chamaebuxus; 3, Arabis albida 
flore pleno; 4, Arabis lucida variegata ; 5, 
Vinca minor; 6, Iberis saxatilis ; 7, Cycla¬ 
men ibericum.—(B. Alexander) 1, Pteris 
Childsii; 2, Pteris Wimsettii; 3, Pteris 
cretica cristata; 4, Asplenium bulbiferum 
fabianum.—(R. llentley) 1, Forsythia sus- 
peasa; 2, Primus cerasifera a.tropuxpurea 
(better known as Prunus Pissardii); 3, Ribes 
saaguineum (or Flowering Currant) ; 4, 
Erica carnea ; 5, Daphne oleoides.—(E.C.W.) 
1, Narcissus poeticus oxnatus.—(A. Middle- 
ton) Akebia quinata. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
James Veitch and Sons, Ltd., King’s 
R. ad, Chelsea, London.—Novelties for 1907, 
-- 
Use of Annuals. 
Annuals deserve well tilled ground and 
plenty of room in which to develop, and, 
in fact, must have these conditions if they 
are to be seen at their best. They are 
most useful in a border filled chiefly with 
perennials, sown between the latter, for 
although they do not do so well as where 
they have more room, yet they serve the' 
purpose of hiding the bare soil and mak¬ 
ing a showy undergrowth for some weeks. 
There are always spaces between peren¬ 
nials which can be filled with annuals. 
Some of the best sorts for this purpose are 
Candytuft, Clarkia, Linum, Godetia, 
Mignonette and Collinsia. 
A. Whiteley. 
Cappleside. 
-- 
Tufted— 
Palsies. 
Though the Pansy is a very old inhabi¬ 
tant of English flower gardens under the 
old-fashioned names of Love-in-idleness 
and Heartsease, the tufted Pansy is a com¬ 
paratively modern flower, for the first 
plants were introduced about the year 
1S63, and it was not until 1S74, when the 
late Dr. Charles Stuart commenced hy¬ 
bridising Viola cornuta with garden 
Pansies, that much advance was made. 
Now, though some of the early varieties 
still hold their own, there is such a be¬ 
wildering selection of varieties, it is diffi¬ 
cult to say which are the best kinds to 
grow. All the following are good: — 
White: Ethel Hancock and White Em¬ 
press ; Yellow: Bullion and Ardwell Gem ; 
Blue: Blue Gown and Archie Grant; 
Rose : Maggie and William Niel; Cream : 
Sylvia; Lavender and Blush: Florizel. 
The self-coloured flowers are very much 
more effective than the fancy types, though 
when plants are grown from seed some 
pretty variations are often secured. 
Tufted Pansies can be propagated by 
seed, root division and cuttings, but the 
last-mentioned method is the most satis¬ 
factory. Seed is best soum in September 
in a-cold frame, in February under glass, 
or in a prepared bed out-of-doors in July. 
Good drainage must be secured, a satis¬ 
factory compost will be found to be equal 
parts of loam and leaf mould, with a 
liberal addition of silver sand. Press the 
soil down firmlv and moisten it with tepid 
water, then sow the seed thinly and 
slightly cover with fine soil. 
For division it is necessary to cut a plant 
(or plants, according to the number re¬ 
quired) down to the ground in August, and 
w'hen the new shoots are about two inches 
long, cover them with good soil and water 
freely. In three weeks’ time roots will 
have been thrown out and the clump will 
divide into many little plants. 
Cuttings are taken in July from plants 
that have a month earlier been cut to 
within one or two inches of the ground. 
Take the best of the numerous young 
shoots with the tiny rootlets attached, and 
plant an inch or so apart in a shaded, or 
partially shaded, bed ; keep them well 
watered and sprinkle them overhead in the 
evening until they are well rooted. Octo¬ 
ber is the best month for planting them 
iD their permanent quarters, and by that 
C '5 _ 
While this is one of the oldest and best 
known of the introductions of Dendro- 
biums, it is one of the easiest to grow if 
its requirements are attended to. If re¬ 
potting or re-basketing is necessary, this 
should be done some time in March or 
April, the particular time being indicated 
by the emission of young roots from the 
base of the stems. Whether pots or bas¬ 
kets are used, plenty of clean crocks 
should be placed in the bottom, and some 
nodules of charcoal over the top of this. 
About 2 in. on the top will be quite suffi¬ 
cient for compost, and this should consist 
of equal portions of sphagnum moss and 
peat fibre. Those who can get bracken 
fibre can use that instead, but the peat 
fibre will answer the purpose. Place 
some of the compost over the crocks, then 
arrange the roots over this and press the 
compost quite firmly about the roots of 
same. Staking will usually be necessary 
to keep the stems steady until the roots 
have got a hold of the fresh compost at 
least. 
Whether newly potted or not, the tem¬ 
perature should now be raised to 60 degs. 
to 65 degs. at night, and this may 
rise to 70 degs. or 74 degs. by fire 
heat during the day, though the 
house may be allowed to run up to 80 
degs. by sun heat. The latter tempera¬ 
ture is only necessary and of most advan¬ 
tage when the plants are in full growth, 
and these rules may be observed all 
through the growing season till August. 
When the plants begin to grow a greater 
amount of moisture will also be necessary 
at the roots and in the atmosphere than 
during winter. Something, however, must 
be left to the grower’s discretion, because 
in spring we have much unsettled weather, 
and some days might be bright while 
others would be cold, dark and windy. 
Less moisture will be necessary during 
such unfavourable times, and only when 
in full growth and the weather is warm 
will the full amount of moisture be neces¬ 
sary. 
At least by summer it will be necessary 
to damp down three or four times a day 
during hot and dry weather. This means 
that the flopr, stages and all bare -spaces 
in the house should be damped over in 
295 
time they will have become fine plants, 
capable of withstanding severe frosts, and 
they will start flowering early in the fol¬ 
lowing April. 
To see their full beauty tufted Pansies 
should remain undisturbed for at least two 
or three years, as by that time they will 
have become large plants, flowering for 
months if the seed heads arc kept care¬ 
fully removed, for tufted Pansies, unlike 
the ordinary Pansies, are true perennials. 
One of the best ways of growing them is 
as a carpeting for Rose beds, where they 
delight in the partial shade and rich soil. 
In dry soils it is advisable to plant them 
in slight hollows, thus enabling them to 
absorb, without any waste, all the water 
given. 
Margate. A. C. D. 
--p 
order to create a genial atmosphere by 
maintaining a sufficiency of moisture. The 
plants themselves will, of course, require 
watering once a day, so as to keep the 
compost about the roots moist. This, of 
course, has also to be done with discre¬ 
tion, giving water only when it becomes 
necessary by the heat of the day. 
At the end of August, when growth is 
near completion, the temperature must 
then be allowed to drop to 60 degs. or 
65 degs. by night, as in March and April 
with a rise to 70 degs. by day. If growth 
is completed, then the plants must be kept 
drier, both at the roots and overhead, in 
order to encourage the ripening of the 
stems. In late autumn and winter very 
little water will be necessary, just suffi¬ 
cient to prevent the stems from becoming 
shrivelled. Less and less damping down 
of the floors will be necessary as the light 
fails and the days shorten in autumn. 
By November it will be necessary to 
keep the house at a temperature of 55 
degs., with a rise of 5 degs. by day. The 
above temperatures are not absolute, be¬ 
cause on cold, frosty and windy nights it 
will be more difficult to keep up such 
temperatures, nevertheless the inexperi¬ 
enced make an endeavour to do so, but 
this is a mistake. An excess of fire heat 
is very injurious, and to avoid it it is 
better to let the thermometer drop a few 
degrees by night rather than overheat 
the pipes by driving the boiler. These 
conditions may be continued till the be¬ 
ginning of March, 
Ventilation is very important at all 
times, and it is work that has to be done 
by the discretion of the cultivator. The 
great object should be to admit all the 
air necessarv while avoiding a draught in 
the house. During the uncertain weather 
of spring, when the plants are commen¬ 
cing to grow, it has been found a good 
practice to give air by the bottom venti¬ 
lators only, in-order to avoid draughts. 
This applies more particularly when cold 
east or north winds are blowing. As the 
outside temperature rises in summer an 
increasing amount of ventilation will be 
beneficial tc the Denclrobiums, if care is 
exercised not to reduce the desired tem¬ 
perature of the house. During the warm 
Dendrobium Nobile. 
