A Monograph of Culicidae I 
40 f 
Pyretophorxjs costalis. Loew (1866). 
' Anopheles costalis . Loew (1866). 
Anopheles gambiae. Giles (1902). 
Anopheles gracilis. Donitz (1902). 
Besch. ein Afrik. Dip. Nem., p. 55 (1866), Loew; Mono. Culicid. I., 157 
(1901); III., 74 (1903); IY., 74 (1907), Theobald; Ann. Trop. Med. 
and Par. I., No. 1, 8 (1907), Newstead, and II., No. 3, 260 (1908), 
D’Emmerez de Charmoy. 
Caffraria ; Mashonaland ; Sierra Leone ; Lagos ; Gambia ; 
Djibouti, Harrar, Abyssinia ; Mauritius ; Reunion ; Madagascar; 
Calabar ; Nigeria ; Togo and Cameroon; Entebbe, Maniumba, 
Kamuli, Gabula country, Busago, Sambroa in Bukedi country, 
Bikira, Buddu in Uganda ; British Central Africa ; Natal. 
Additional localities. —Phoenix and Yacoa, Pre, Seche, Mahe- 
burgh in Mauritius (d’Emmerez de Charmoy) ; Banks of Lualaba 
River, Congo Free State, 10° 305 Lat. (27. vi. 07) (Dr. A. Yale- 
Massey), in tent at night; Congo Free State as follows : Zambie ; 
Boma (Oct. 8 to 21); Princes Island; Matadi (Oct. 29 to 
Nov. 29); Tumba ; Wathen; Leopoldville (Dec. 10. 03 to 
June 16. 04); Telegraph Post No. 4; Kitoto; Yumbie; above 
Lukolela in bush ; Irebu ; Coquilhatville; Bamamia ; Lulongo ; 
Nouvelle Anvers ; Bokanga ; Lisala ; Bumba ; Yambinga ; below 
Basoko in bush; Stanley -Falls; Benaburungu; Lokandue ; 
Sendwe; Makula ; Kasongo (Nov. 26. 04 to Eeb. 13. 05): 
Tshofa ; Lusambo ; Lado Enclave (nov. Lemaire); Delagoa Bay, 
E. Africa, 2 $’s (Jose E. Sant Anna); Leysdorp, Transvaal (Dr. 
Copland). 
Observations .—By far the commonest Anopheline in the Congo. 
It seems to feed most fiercely after.sunset and again before dawn. 
■Imagines taken in Congo in daytime and at night in European 
and native dwelling places, also far in the forest at a long distance 
from any village, also in the evening about the table lamp on 
board the steamer. Pupae and larvae found amongst aquatic 
grasses growing along river edges, in swamps, in small clear 
puddles of rain water lying on clayey soil, and in foul smelling 
pools used by the natives of the lower Congo for steeping manioc. 
This mosquito has been proved to be the principal malaria 
carrier at Phoenix and Yacoa in Mauritius. Out of 228 examples 
caught' at Chanfond Marsh, between February 4 (1908) and 
February 20 (1908), 73 were ■ examined, of which 10 were found 
to be infected. 
