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No, VII.—DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING 
THE BODY. 
Essential Measurements. 
1. Length of Head .—Measured from the most prominent 
point in the middle of the brow between the eyebrows, the 
glabella , Plate IIa., to the most prominent point in the middle 
line of the occiput or back of head. It is the maximum 
length of the head in the middle line. In unsymmetrical 
heads the line of greatest length may be on one or other 
side of the middle line, such a length must not be taken. 
2. Transverse Breadth .—The maximum breadth of the 
head wherever it may be (except low down behind the 
ears) measured transversely to the length. The points of 
the instrument must be exactly on the same level, otherwise 
the measurement will not be truly transverse, both in 
relation to the length and the horizontal plane. 
These two measurements give the cephalic index which 
indicates the relation the breadth of the head bears to the 
length. It is obtained by multiplying the breadth by 100 
and dividing the product by the length, the formula being 
Tr. B. X 100 , .. . _ 
-i-rr — cephalic index. 
Max length r 
3. Length of Nose. —In making this measurement the 
instrument is held vertically, its lower point is placed lightly 
against the furthest back point of the under surface of 
the septum between the nostrils, Plate lie., where the upper 
lip begins, not on the tip of the nose, the upper point at the 
termination or root of the nose between the eyes, b ; this is 
sometimes a little difficult to determine. There is a small 
transverse fold of the skin (sometimes two folds) at the root 
of the nose ; it is on this fold, or when there are two folds, 
between the folds, that the upper point of the instrument 
