24 
lower arm is projected against the middle of the tragus 
(the small projecting portion of the external ear which 
guards the. opening of the meatus, in front,), at the point 
where it starts from the side of the face, marked x, Plate II. 
By adding the length and breadth of the head, and the 
height from the tragus to the vertex together, and dividing 
the product by 3, the cephalic module of Schmidt is obtained, 
which enables us to compare approximately the volume of 
different heads. 
9. Bizygomatic breadth of Face is the maximum breadth 
of the face between the bony arches in front of the ears. 
This diameter compared with the length of the face 
from the root of the nose to the chin (obtained by sub¬ 
tracting the height from the root of the nose to the vertex, 
No. 5, from that between the vertex and chin, No. 7), 
forms a useful index, the formula of which is : 
Bizygomatic Breadth X 100 
it • i i p i • t 7 p — facial index. 
Height from chm to root of nose 
10. Length of Upper Limb .—This is measured with the arms 
straightened and hanging vertically at the sides of the body. 
The right arm should be selected for measurement unless 
both arms are measured. The point of the sliding arm of 
the instrument is applied to the depression which is found 
immediately below the bony prominence forming the tip of 
the shoulder, the acromion, between it and the head of the 
humerus or arm bone, the other arm of the instrument is 
drawn downwards till it reaches the extreme end of the 
middle finger. While making the measurement the instru¬ 
ment must be held parallel to the axis of the limb ; to do this 
its lower arm must be moved horizontally till it projects 
the requisite distance beyond the other, as in taking the 
projections of the head. 
11. Length of Cubit .—The forearm is fully flexed upon 
the upper arm till the tip of the elbow is the most prominent 
point, the thumb being uppermost. The instrument is then 
placed along the outer edge of the forearm and the little 
finger side of the hand, the point of the elbow resting 
against the fixed arm of the instrument, while its other 
