25 
arm (which has been previously drawn along the rod) is 
moved backwards again till it touches the end of the middle 
finger. 
12. Length of Hand .—With the forefinger and thumb 
find the extremities or styloid processes of the bones of 
the forearm situated on the thumb and little finger sides 
of the subject’s wrist, and tie a small cord over them, so 
as to show their line of junction. The length of the hand 
is measured from the centre of this line along the back 
to the tip of the middle finger. 
These three measurements enable the length of the three 
segments of the upper limb to be determined, and com¬ 
pared. 
13. Length of Foot .—Measured in the same manner as 
the shoemaker does for a boot. 
In taking the three following heights, the measuring rod 
is used as described in the Section on Instruments, p. 10. 
14. Sitting Height— The subject should be seated low. 
Care must be taken to see that the body is held perfectly 
erect, the head in the same position as when measuring 
its projections, and the legs should be close together. The 
measurement is taken between the vertex and the plane of 
the tuberosities of the ischia, or bony prominences of the 
buttock. 
15. Kneeling Height .—The subject kneels down, holding 
his body erect and his head straight. The legs should be 
close together, and the point of the toes as nearly as pos¬ 
sible on the same plane as the knee. Should the subject 
object to kneel properly, the height of the lower edge of the 
patella, or knee-cap, from the ground may be taken instead 
before measuring No. 19. 
16. Standing Height .—This should always be measured 
without shoes, when possible. Should the subject object to 
take off his shoes, he may be measured with them on, and 
the thickness of the heel deducted. 
17. Height to Chin is measured from the ground to the 
under surface of the lower jaw, the point at which the projec¬ 
tion of the head to the chin ceased. While making this 1 
