47 
moving any heavy object, do they habitually pull or push ? 
is power generally exerted from or towards the body ? and 
what muscles do they chiefly employ ? {Note. It has been 
found in some parts of India that the natives cannot use a 
European saw until the teeth are reversed so as to cut with a 
pulling motion.) 18. What is their favourite method of 
carrying weighty objects or burdens? 19. Do they climb trees 
well ? and have they any peculiar mode of doing this ? 
20. Have they much power of moving the ears, scalp, or 
features ? 21. Can they shut one eye without closing the 
other? 22. Can they extend one .finger without opening the 
hand ? and do they habitually point with one finger or with 
the open hand ? 23. Have they any tricks of sleight of hand ? 
24. Do they make much use of the feet in holding objects ? 
and is the great toe in any degree opposable ? 25. Are the 
joints generally stiff or pliable. 
Reproduction and Development. 
{See Medical Section, pp, 55 and 58.) 
No. XIX.—HEREDITY. 
With regard to original or congenital physical and mental 
qualities, it is not the existence and importance of heredity 
that is questionable, but its extent, limits, and conditions. 
Acquired physical traits are usually, if not always, intrans¬ 
missible, but the existence of exceptions to the rule has been 
asserted. As regards acquired mental qualities, little inquiry 
has hitherto been made. 
Where any system of castes exists, or where the intercourse 
of the sexes is rigidly regulated, there is much room for obser¬ 
vations of this kind. 
Examine, for example :—1. How far stature, strength, 
