61 
3. Deformities of tlie face, &c., such as supernumerary 
auricles, hare lip, cleft palate, cleft tongue, cleft cheek 
(macrostoma), abnormally small mouth (microstoma), and any 
peculiarities of the teeth. 
4. Deformities of the extremities, e.g ., supernumerary 
lingers or toes, webbed fingers, imperfect development, or 
absence of one of the bones of the forearm, hypertrophy of 
the limbs, club hand, club foot. 
5. Deformities of the genitals, e.g., abnormal length of the 
labia, imperforate hymen, undescended testicles, cleft penis 
epispadias or hypospadias, cleft scrotum with the testicles in 
what appear to be labia, absence of the anterior wall of the 
bladder, extroverted bladder. 
6. Does excessive development of fat about the haunches, 
buttocks, steatopyga , or labia occur ? Can any causes, 
artificial or otherwise, be assigned for the occurrence ? 
7. Note any deformities or malformations which may occur 
in the region of the umbilicus, and state how the cord is 
treated at birth. 
8. Are any of the above deformities more common than 
usual, or any one of them frequently met with 1 Are there 
any of hereditary nature ? How are they regarded and 
tvpntprl 
J.B. Revised by J. W. B. H. 
No. V.—DEFORMATIONS. 
(.Artificial Deformities.) 
The practice of artificially producing deformities in the 
human subject appears to have existed from the most remote 
times of which we have any record, and to have prevailed at 
one time or another in all parts of the world. In the investi¬ 
gation, therefore, of the ethnographical characters of a people, 
considerable interest attaches to observations respecting artifi¬ 
cial “deformations,” as the practice in question has been 
termed ; for it is very possible that important information 
may thence be derived with regard to the relations between 
