106 
and penetrates the pores of the object to be dyed ; and (B) 
painting, when the pigment is mixed with some medium or 
vehicle to fix it when dry, and is applied to a part or the 
whole of the object to be painted by means of some kind of 
brush. 
Dyeing is usually practised in connexion with animal and 
vegetable fibre and tissue, such as leather, thread, and cloth ; 
but sometimes also the process is applied to wood and bone. 
Painting is more commonly applied to wooden objects. Both 
processes are occasionally employed with the object of render¬ 
ing the human form either more terrible or more beautiful. 
Dyes .—1. From what substances are these prepared ? and 
how are they applied ? (If possible procure specimens of the 
materials used, and an account of the method of prepara¬ 
tion.) 2. What are the articles usually dyed—skins with 
the hair on, leather, twine, cloth, &c. ? 3. Is any mordant 
or solution used, either to prepare the object for receiving the 
dye, or for rendering it permanent after it has been applied ? 
4. What are the favourite colours ? (Their arrangement and 
proportions will come under No. XXI Y. Ornamentation.) 
5. Are any portions of the human body dyed, such as the 
teeth, nails, hair, or skin ? 
Painting. —6. What are the principal pigments used, and 
how prepared ? (Obtain specimens if possible.) 7. In what 
manner are they ground or precipitated ? and what is the 
medium employed to fix them ? 8. Is any subsequent pro¬ 
cess of varnishing or lacquering employed ? and if so, how is 
the varnish made ? 9. What are the objects usually painted ? 
and what kind of brushes are used % 10. What colours are 
most in vogue ? and are they transparent, like dyes, or opaque, 
like body-colours ? 11. Is any process allied to gilding 
known ? 12. In painting patterns, in what order are the 
colours applied ? and is the outline first painted and the 
colours subsequently filled in ? or is the pattern roughly 
sketched in the first instance, and the outline completed as 
the final process ? 13. Are any mechanical means, such as 
compasses or stencilling-plates, used ? or any printing process ? 
14. Is paint employed on the human body or hair % and if 
