112 
and wells exist, in what manner is water raised ? 11. What 
form of bellows is in use ? (No. XIV.) 12. Are any water¬ 
wheels or other hydraulic machines known ? if so, for what 
purposes are they applied, and in what manner? 13. Is any 
form of windmill known ? 14. Is the drill known ? 15. 
What system is employed ? the bow drill, or pump drill or 
any other ? 16. Is the drill provided with a fly-wheel ? 
J. E. 
No. XVI.—FIRE. 
As a general rule, all tribes both preserve and produce fire. 
There are statements as to fireless tribes which should be 
carefully examined when met with; most of them have 
broken down under close inspection. The history of the 
practical art of fire-making is interesting ; and the place of 
fire in social and religious ceremony gives valuable informa¬ 
tion as to the constitution of family and tribal life, the idea 
of moral purity, and several points of theology. 
1. By what means is fire produced ? 2. If by friction of 
wood, what is the exact instrument used, whether the stick - 
and-groove, the simple fire-drill twisted between the hands, 
or some improved form. 3. Is this ruder instrument still 
kept up in religious ceremonies ? 4. If the fire is made by 
striking flint on pyrites or iron, is it remembered if this art 
was learnt from foreigners ? 5. Are any other instruments 
used, such as the fire-syringe, burning-lens, &c. ? 6. How is 
fire kept up and carried about ? 7. What fuel is used ? 
8. Are there legends of the discovery of fire or invention of 
fire-making ! 9. If so, do they seem to be myths personi¬ 
fying the fire or the fire-drill itself ? 
10. Is the household fire symbolic of family ties ? 11. Is 
it held sacred, placed in charge of any particular person ? is 
there any family worship connected with it ? and by whom 
performed ? 12. Is there a council-fire or other fires on 
special occasions or in special buildings ? 
