121 
custom? 21. Do they draw maps or plans? 22, Do they 
understand European maps? 23. Have they any notion of 
drawing to scale ? 24. Do they improve much by practice ? 
25. At what age do children commence drawing ? are they 
encouraged to draw at an early age ? (A series of native 
drawings by children of different ages, from five or six up¬ 
wards, would be interesting as a means of comparison with 
the development of artistic skill in Europeans.) 26. Have 
they any knowledge of shading ? with what colours are the 
shadows made ? and are they correctly placed ? 
A. L. F. 
27. Do they carve bas-reliefs, or sculptures, in the round ? 
28. What materials are used for these sculptures—stone, wood, 
&c. ? 29. Do they represent natural objects, such as men and 
animals ? 30. Are they naturalistic or purely conventional ? 
or both ? and if so, why is the distinction made ? 31. Are 
the carved figures representations of gods or ancestors ? 
(XXVII.) of totems ; (XL.) signs of taboo (XXXVII.) ? 
32. Are these figures kept in special houses or temples ? or 
does each household have one or more of its own ? 33. Are 
there any ancient carvings or statues of which the natives 
can give no account ? 
C. H. E. 
No. XXIV.—ORNAMENTATION, 
Nothing is more persistent than the various patterns of 
ornamentation in use by the different tribes and races of man¬ 
kind, and nearly all have some historical continuity by means 
of which they can be traced in their varieties to different 
nations. Nearly every uncivilized nation has a pattern of its 
own, or some two or three patterns, which are repeated con¬ 
tinually in all their ornamental designs with but slight varia¬ 
tion. These may be classed under three heads :—1st, incised 
