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noise as a means of encouragement, or do they preserve 
silence in combat ? 31. Do they stand and abuse the enemy 
before fighting, or boast of their warlike achievements ? 
32. Any knowledge of the advantages of ground or position 
in battle ? under what circumstances do they quit a masked 
wood or defile, and take to the open ? 33. Have they rallying- 
points in rear in case of defeat ? 34. Do they employ 
treachery, concealment, or ambush ? and what is their usual 
mode of proceeding in this respect ? 35. Any superstitious 
customs or omens in connexion with war 1 ? 36. Do they 
especially preserve chastity during or before war 1 ? and is 
there any superstition with respect to this custom ? 37. Do 
they make night-attacks ? 38. Any stratagems for concealing 
their trail from the enemy ? 39. Are dogs employed in war ? 
40. Are the horses well reared, trained, and treated ? what 
is their speed and endurance ? give any details respecting 
farriery, mode of riding, &c. 41. Do they form alliances 
with other tribes? and if so, to what extent do they act in 
concert, and under what leadership ? 42. Do personal com¬ 
bats take place between men of the same tribe 1 and how are 
they conducted ? 
Weapons .—Describe minutely all the varieties of their war 
weapons. 44. Are the same weapons used in war and the 
chase, or as tools ? 44a. Are their weapons home made or 
made by other tribes 1 if the latter, do they make any altera¬ 
tion before using them ? 45. Describe their defensive armour, 
and its capabilities for defending the body. 46. Are special 
weapons used by particular tribes ? 47. Do the weapons 
vary in the same tribe ? and what have been their varieties 
in times past ? 48. Do they use the amentum, the throwing- 
stick, or any other means of accelerating the flight of the 
javelin ? 48a. Are the spears provided with a spud at the 
butt ? and for what reason ? 49. Do they employ sinews, 
whalebone, or any other means of giving additional spring 
to the bow ? 50. Are the arrows furnished with a foreshaft 
of hard heavy wood, and tipped with stone, glass, bone, or 
metal ? 51. Are feathers used with the arrows ? how many ? 
are they set on spirally, or are the heads twisted to give a 
