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PLANTS OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 
Rocky Mountain red cedar (Juniperus scopulorum) .—-Readily recog¬ 
nized by its scalelike leaves. It is sometimes seen as a shrub and 
sometimes as a small tree and is very similar to the u Red cedar ” 
of the eastern United States. Some of the gnarled and twisted spec¬ 
imens on the Hot Springs formations at Mammoth are believed to 
be the oldest living things in the park. The little cones are so fleshy 
that they appear to be berries. Also known as Colorado juniper. 
Figure 8.—Engelmann spruce. Copyright, J. E. Haynes. 
Dwarf juniper (Juniperus sibirica) .—A low spreading shrub, often 
forming dense patches. The leaves are awl-shaped and are arranged 
in threes. Also known as Mountain juniper. 
CATTAIL FAMILY (TYPHACEAE) 
A small family represented in our flora by the Common cattail 
(Typha latifolia ), which is widely distributed in marshy places 
throughout North America. It produces a cluster of basal leaves, 
which are an inch or less in width but several feet long and stand 
