KEY-COMMON SEED PLANTS; FERNS, AND FERN ALLIES 17 
109. Styles 2. Saxifrage ( Saxifraga )___(p. 71) 
109. Style 1, or 5 united to form 1. 110. 
110. Leaves deeply lobed. Cranesbill ( Geranium) _(p. 82) 
110. Leaves entire or merely toothed. Wintergreen family_(p, 95) 
111. Stamens united around the styles. Mallow family_(p. 86) 
111. Stamens distinct. 112. 
112. Leaves all basal. Lewisia ___(p. 54) 
112. Leaves not basal. 113. 
113. Calyx 5-lobed and with 5 alternating bractlets, making it appear to be 10- 
lobed. Rose family_(p. 73) 
113. Calyx without alternating bractlets. Buttercup family_(p. 57) 
FAMILIES OF PLANTS 
ADDER’S TONGUE FAMILY (0PHI0GL0SSACEAE) 
A small family of plants closely related to the true ferns. They 
reproduce by spores as the ferns do and are technically separated 
from the ferns by the manner in which the leaves and the spore cases 
develop. 
BotrycMum coulteri.—ThQ stem is only about an inch long and 
bears a single, much-branched leaf, one division of which is devel¬ 
oped into a branched spore-bearing organ and bears numerous yellow 
spore cases. 
BotrycMum simplex has also been reported in the park. 
The genus BotrycMum is commonly known as moonwort or 
grapefern. 
FERN FAMILY (P0LYP0DIACEAE) 
Ferns reproduce by spores which are borne in spore cases (sporan¬ 
gia) clustered in little dots (sori), and often covered by a scale 
(indusium), on the lower surface or margins of the leaf (frond). 
Because of the dry climate ferns are not common in the park except 
in a few places near streams or in shaded ravines. The stem (rhi¬ 
zome or rootstock) is underground and the plants as we commonly 
see them consist of the fronds only. The frond has a flat or ex¬ 
panded portion (blade), which is more or less pinnate, and the leaf¬ 
stalk (stipe). 
1. Leaves of two kinds; the spore-bearing leaves much narrower and longer 
than the fertile ones. American rockbrake {Crypto gramma acrosti- 
choides) _____...___(p. 18) 
1. Leaves all much alike. 2. 
2. Leafstalks purplish brown and polished. American maidenhair (Adiantum 
pedatum )___._____(p. 18) 
2. Leafstalks not purplish brown and polished. 3. 
3. Plants usually more than a foot high. 4. 
3. Plants usually less than a foot high. 5. 
4. Spore cases marginal. Western bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. pubes- 
cens )_____(p. 18) 
