KEY—COMMON SEED PLANTS, FERNS, AND FERN ALLIES 15 
65. Stems hollow, usually round. Leaf bases merely wrapped about the stem. 
Grass family----- _____ --(p. 33) 
65. Stems solid, usually triangular. Leaf bases forming tubes about the stem. 
Sedge family-- ____---_________ ---(p. 35) 
66. Flowers in a long, slender spike; resembling a plantain. Arrow grass 
( Triglochin )___._____ ______—,— ____ (p. 31) 
66. Flowers in smaller clusters; not resembling plantain. Rush family.. __ (p. 36) 
67. Flowers in dense heads surrounded by bracts. 68. 
67. Flowers not in dense heads surrounded by bracts. 69. 
67. Flowers not in dense heads, but included in 4- to 5-lobed involucre. Spurge 
{Euphorbia) ________(p. 84) 
68. Leaves with stipules. Clover {Trifolium) __.____(p. 79) 
68. Leaves without stipules. Composite family___ (p. 117) 
69. Leaves parallel-veined. Flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3. 70. 
69. Leaves netted-veined. Flower parts mostly in 4’s or 5’s. 72. 
70. Flower parts attached below the ovary. Lily family (p. 37) 
70. Flower parts attached above the ovary. 71. 
71. Flowers regular; blue or purple. Iris family____(p. 41) 
71. Flowers irregular; not blue or purple. Orchid family-- ___ (p. 42) 
72. Flower parts attached above the ovary. 73. 
72. Flower parts attached below the ovary. 80. 
73. Petals distinct. 74. 
73. Petals united. 76. 
74. Flowers very small; in flat-topped clusters (umbels). Parsnip family. _ (p. 94) 
74. Flowers larger; not in flat-topped clusters. 75. 
75. Petals 4. Evening-primrose family_(p. 91) 
75. Petals 5 or 10. Stickleaf {Mentzelia) _(p. 88) 
76. Flowers blue. Bellflower {Campanula) _(p. 116) 
76. Flowers not blue. 77. 
77. Stems trailing. Flowers in pairs. American twinflower {Linnaea ameri- 
cana) ,_______(p. 115) 
77. Stems not trailing. Flowers very small, not in pairs. 78. 
78. Stems square. Leaves in whorls. Bedstraw {Galium) ____ (p. 114) 
78. Stems round. Leaves not in whorls. 79. 
79. Stamens 3. Valerian {Valeriana) _____(p. 117) 
79. Stamens 8 to 12. Moschatel {Adoxa moschatellina) ___(p. 117) 
80. Flowers irregular. 81. 
80. Flowers regular. 88. 
81. Petals united. - 82. 
81. Petals distinct or nearly so. 84. 
82. Ovary 4-lobed. Mint family___(p. 107) 
82. Ovary not lobed. 83. 
83. Fruit of 4 one-seeded nutlets. Ground vervain {Verbena bracteosa).._ { p. 107) 
83. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. Figwort family_(p. 109) 
84. Stamens 5. Violet family_(p. 87) 
84. Stamens 10. Pea family___(p. 79) 
84. Stamens more than 10. 85. 
85. Pistils more than 1. 86. 
85. Pistil 1. 87. 
86. Upper sepal spurred. Larkspur {Delphinium) _____(p. 57) 
86. Upper sepal hooded. Monkshood {Aconitum columbianum) _(p. 58) 
87. Flowers flesh color. Steerhead {Dicentra uniflora) _(p. 64) 
87. Flowers yellow. Golden corydalis {Corydalis aurea) _(p. 64) 
