FAMILIES OF PLANTS 
115 
form a tubular corolla. The family contains a large number of 
shrubs that are used for ornamental purposes and some that bear 
edible fruits. 
Blackhead elder ( Sambucus melanocarpa) .—A branched shrub that 
grows 3 to 6 feet high. The opposite leaves are pinnately compound 
with 5 to 9 toothed leaflets. The small white flowers are borne in 
compound clusters that are about as broad as high. The small 
black fruit is berrylike and edible. 
Bunchberry elder ( Sambucus microbotrys) has also been reported 
in the park. 
American twinflower ( Linnaea americana) .—This plant was named 
in honor of the great biologist, Linnaeus, who gave us our system of 
classification for both plants and animals, and it is said to have been 
his favorite flower. It is a small trailing or creeping evergreen with 
round or oval, short-peti- 
oled leaves. Here and there 
are short, upright, leafy 
branches that terminate in 
a slender flowering stem. 
The stem is forked at the 
top into two branches, each 
bearing a delicate and very 
fragrant bell-shaped flower. 
The corolla is pink varying Figure 92—American twinflower. Pink and white, 
to white, somewhat hairy Copyright, J. E. Haynes. 
inside, and almost equally five-lobed. Unlike most members of the 
family this flower has only 4 stamens instead of 5, and 2 of them are 
shorter than the others. 
Western snowberry ( Symphoricarpus occidentalism .—A low, 
branching shrub, usually not more than 3 feet high, with opposite 
short-petioled leaves which are rather thickish, oval, or oblong in 
shape, and up to 2 inches long. The small, whitish, or rose-tinged 
flowers are produced in short, dense clusters in the axils of the 
leaves. The stamens and style extend well beyond the corolla. 
Symphoricarpus rotundifolius , often called buckbrush, is very sim¬ 
ilar, but the leaves are smaller and the corollas of the flowers are 
nearly twice as long. The stamens and style are included in the 
corolla. The fruit of both species is a white berry. 
Common snowberry {Symphoricarpus racemosus) has small flowers 
like those of Symphoricarpus occidentalism but the stamens and style 
are included in the corolla. 
Whortleleaf snowberry {Symphoricarpus vaccinoides) has also been 
reported in the park. 
Sweetberry honeysuckle {Lonicera caerulea) .—A much-branched 
shrub, 1 to 2 feet high, with opposite, oblong, or elliptical short- 
