FAMILIES OF PLANTS 
117 
in some European countries. It is often called Bluebell of Scotland. 
The slender, branching stems grow 4 to 10 inches high and are 1- to 
10-flowered. The basal leaves are round or ovate, often heart-shaped 
at the base, long-petioled, and usually toothed. They soon wither 
away leaving only the stem leaves which are linear or narrowly lance - 
shaped and entire. The bell-shaped flowers are a beautiful shade of 
blue. 
Campanula uniflora is found only on bare slopes at high elevations. 
It is 2 to 4 inches high, has thickish leaves, and usually bears only 1 
flower on each stem. 
MOSCHATEL EAMILY (ADOXACEAE) 
A small family of herbs with compound leaves and small, green¬ 
ish flowers in headlike clusters. Moschatel ( Adoxa moschatellina ), 
our only representative, has a cluster of basal leaves that are 1 to 3 
times ternately compound and a single pair of opposite stem leaves 
which have 3 leaflets each usually 3-cleft. It occurs at high elevations. 
VALERIAN EAMILY (VALERIANACEAE) 
A small and relatively unimportant family of herbs with opposite 
leaves and small flowers with the flower parts attached above the 
Figure 95. —Tobacco-root. White. Pho¬ 
tograph by Joseph S. Dixon, National 
Park Service. 
ovary. Tobacco-root {Valeriana cer- 
atophylla) is 3 to 8 or more inches 
high. The leaves are thickish and 
palmately veined. The basal ones 
are entire or nearly so, while the 
1 to 3 pairs of stem leaves are pin- 
nately divided into 3 to 7 narrow 
divisions. The numerous small 
flowers are yellowish. 
Valeriana micrantha is a larger 
plant growing from 12 to 30 inches 
high, and the leaves are pinnately 
veined. The fruits are hairy. 
Valeriana a cut il ob a, which 
blooms very early while the snow 
is still melting, is similar to the 
preceding species but the fruits are 
smooth. 
COMPOSITE OR ASTER EAMILY (ASTERACEAE OR COMPOSITAE) 
The composite family is a very large family. It is believed to be 
one of the youngest of families, that is, the most recent in its origin, 
