222 
AMERICAN FISHES. 
with the mackerel and disappearing about the same time. It appears to 
breed in the sounds and in the open ocean in June and July, and the 
young are found in great abundance in July, August, and September, 
swimming about in company with certain species of jelly-fishes. During 
these months several large species of jelly-fish, or sun-squalls, are found 
abundantly floating about in waters near the shore, and each one of these 
is almost invariably accompanied by ten or twelve, or more, young 
Butter-fishes, which seem to seek shelter under their disks, and which, 
perhaps, may obtain a supply of food from among the numerous soft- 
bodied invertebrates which are constantly becoming attached to the 
floating streamers of their protecters. The young fish, thus protected, 
range from two to two and a half inches in length. I have seen fifteen, 
and more, sheltered under an individual of Cyanea arctica not more than 
three inches in diameter. This refuge is not always safe for the little 
fishes, for they sometimes are destroyed by the tentacles of their protector, 
which are provided, as every one knows, with powerful lasso cells. The 
little fish seem to rise at the approach of danger and seek refuge among 
the lobes of the actinostome. They are thus protected from the 
attacks of many kinds of larger fishes which prey upon them, though they 
themselves often fall victims to the stinging power of the jelly-fish and are 
devoured. The habit of thus seeking shelter is very much like that of the 
rudder-fish. The Butter-fish attains an average size of seven or eight 
inches in length, and is very often taken in the pounds. The fishermen 
of Noank, Conn., tells me that a barrelful of them is often taken in one 
haul of a pound-net. They are much valued for food at New Bedford. 
When sent to New York they command a good price, and the poundmen 
at Lobsterville sometimes eat them and consider them better than scup. 
Their flavor is excellent, resembling that of the mackerel, though less 
oily ; they are very palatable when nicely boiled. At many places, for 
instance, Noank, and Wood’s Holl, they are thrown away. Storer stated 
that they were extensively used as manure in certain parts of Massachu¬ 
setts. No observations have been made upon their food, though, since 
their mouths are nearly toothless, it seems probable that they subsist, for 
the most part, upon minute vertebrates. These fishes are remarkable on 
account of their brilliant, iridescent colors, which, in freshly caught 
individuals, are as beautiful as those of a dolphin. 
The Harvest-fish, Stromateus alepidotus , has not been observed north of 
