VALUE OF LUMBER. 
39 
one-third the entire value of the products of agriculture. Be¬ 
sides these materials there were large quantities never recorded 
by the census and still larger amounts were used in home con¬ 
sumption as fuel, fencing, construction material, etc., which 
may safely be valued at 10 million dollars. 
In 1890, according to the very incomplete federal census of 
that year, the value of the rough lumber, cooperage, and wagon 
stock, ties, poles, posts, piling, and all products of the wood in¬ 
dustries as they leave the first hand, amounted to 40.4 million 
dollars. If to this is added the value of pulp and tanning ma¬ 
terial, of mining timber, and that of the large home consump¬ 
tion, it brings up the total to fully 50 million dollars for these 
products at first hand and shows them, like the census figures of 
1895 to exceed one-third of the value of all farm products of 
the state. And to these farm products alone are the simple 
forest products comparable, for in most other industries the 
same article often highly finished and costly, appears with little 
or no modification as a product of several branches of the same 
industry. Thus for instance, the same piece of costly wrought 
metal is first credited to the rolling mill, then appears with lit¬ 
tle change as a product of the boiler maker, and reappears with¬ 
out change as part of a distilling outfit, or a steam engine. It 
thus occurs three times as a product of the iron industry, besides 
perhaps swelling the output credited to a shipbuilding estab¬ 
lishment. 
Besides their own value, the products of the woods stimulate 
secondary manufacturing industries, supply planing and pulp 
mills, furniture, cooperage, and wooden-ware establishments, 
wagon and car shops, whose aggregate output in wooden articles 
amounts to over 20 million dollars. 
In 1890 there was invested in the saw milling industry alone, 
according to the census of that year, fully 84.5 million dollars, 
or a sum equal to one-third of the assessed value of all land in 
the state, or about one-sixth of the value of all real estate and 
over one-eighth of the assessed value of the entire wealth of 
Wisconsin. Of the 84 millions over 13 fall to the milling 
