58 
FORESTS OF WISCONSIN. 
common. Though the pine has been cut in all parts of this large 
county, there is still a considerable amount scattered and in isolated 
bodies which is estimated at about 500 million feet. The hardwoods 
have been cut into in the southeastern and also in the northwestern 
part and large tracts have suffered heavily from the fires of the large 
pine slashings following all the streams; the hemlock has been cut 
but little, but like the hardwoods, has been damaged by fire. The 
standing hardwood and hemlock yield about 5 M. per acre, the yield 
in the pure hardwoods of the western part being lighter. About 
800 million feet of hemlock and about 1,100 million hardwoods are be¬ 
lieved to exist in this county. In the hardwoods in the western and 
also the southeastern woods the oak is predominant, but on the whole 
forms little over 10 per cent., while basswood and birch form over 
half the total supply. 
The swamps, extensive only in the northeastern part of the county, 
have been much run over by fires and are, therefore, very poorly 
stocked. Large areas of burned-over wastes occur along all the 
streams. 
Clark .—The greater part is a level loam land area, formerly cov¬ 
ered by a forest of hardwoods, mixed with a remarkably heavy stand 
of large white pine. Hemlock occurs only in the northeastern por¬ 
tion. The western and southern part is invaded by the sandy area 
covering Jackson and Eau Claire counties, and was formerly covered 
by a pine forest without hardwoods. The pine has nearly all been 
cut and was sawed at La Crosse and Eau Claire, and only about 20? 
million are believed to be still standing. The hardwoods are culled 
especially for oak and have suffered from fires. The remaining sup¬ 
ply is estimated at only about 650 million feet, of which oak is still 
nearly 30 per cent., the remainder being chiefly basswood and elm. 
Clark county has few swamps and these are poorly stocked. 
The greater part of the county today is still covered by culled hard¬ 
woods, much of it is settled and only the sandy pinery presents tracts 
of bare waste many miles in extent. 
Douglas .—The northern one-third of this county is red clay land 
with pinery in which is found an unusual mixture for this State of 
pine (chiefly white pine), white and yellow birch, and other hard¬ 
woods commonly with more or less cedar and tamarack. South of 
this and extending south to the St. Croix river and east to the Brule 
river is a similar forest of pine with a somewhat heavier mixture of 
hardwoods, heaviest on the range, growing on gray loam land. The 
southeastern part, south and east of the St. Croix, is a sandy jack 
pine and Norway pinery with large jack pine woods following the 
river into Burnett county. The pine has been cut along the lake and 
