72 
FORESTS OF WISCONSIN. 
III. CONFIGURATION AND WATER COURSES. 
1. Of total area, 20 per cent, long- slopes; 10 per cent, hilly land; 
55 per cent, rolling; 15 per cent, low flats. 
Note.—No hills over 300 feet high; most large hills have long slopes; 
considerable “pot hole” land exists both in loam and sand land area. 
The entire county is drained by the Wisconsin and its tributaries, 
the Prairie, Pine, Spirit, Somo, Tomahawk, New Wood, and Copper 
rivers, all of which furnish good driving facilities. 
IY. SOIL AND DRAINAGE. 
1. Strong clay, 20 per cent, of area; depth, great; color, gray; 
grain, fine, mixed with gravel and large stones. Loam, 60 per cent, 
of area; depth, great; color, gray; grain, fine, mixed with gravel and 
large stones. Loamy sand, 20 per cent, of area; depth, great; color, 
reddish gray; grain, medium, with little fine gravel. 
2. Good farm land, 30 per cent, of area; drainage, good. Medium 
farm land, 45 per cent, of area; drainage, good. Forest soils proper, 
25 per cent, of area; drainage good. 
Note. —Many of the marshes make fine farm land. 
1. Railways (names), Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; Chicago 
and Northwestern; “Soo;” Wisconsin and Chippewa. Miles, com¬ 
plete, 82. 
Y. FACILITIES FOR TRANSPORTATION. 
2. Roads in good and bad condition, about 300 miles; roads not yet 
opened, about 1,500 miles. 
3. Streams large enough to float timber, over 200 miles; useable, 
six months per year. 
YI. WOOD INDUSTRIES. 
1. Pine mills cut in 1897, 120,000,000 feet; saw little hemlock or 
hard woods. 
2. Tan bark, 30,000 cords hemlock. 
3. Other woodworking establishments: 
Merrill was the head of raft navigation, and lumbering began as 
early as the fifties. 
In 1895 the product of the wood industries of Lincoln were valued 
at $2,350,000. 
(To be amplified by census statistics.) 
