TV  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
77 
Apple  Pomace 
I  have  an  opportunity  to  get  some  ap¬ 
ple  pomace.  What  do  you  advise  as  to 
its  use  for  manure?  Some  of  the  older 
farmers  tell  me  I  will  spoil  my  land,  be¬ 
cause  the  pomace  has  acid  in  it,  and  that 
I  shall  be  bothered  with  young  apple 
trees  growing  over  the  laud.  E.  s.  w. 
Apple  pomace  is  sour,  and  it  will  not 
do  to  use  it  heavily  alone  with  most  crops. 
The  majority  of  crops  demand  a  sweet 
or  neutral  soil.  The  pomace  can  be  used 
in  sod  orchards,  [scattered  under  the 
trees  on  the  grass,  or,  when  used  with 
lime,  it  can  be  put  on  the  sod  and  plowed 
under  with  corn.  It  can  be  mixed  in  the 
manure  pile  and  left  to  ferment  over  the 
Winter,  which  will  improve  its  quality, 
but  from  our  own  experience  we  would 
not  advise  the  use  of  this  pomace  for 
ordinary  crops,  unless  we  can  use  at 
least  one  ton  of  ground  limestone  to  the 
acre,  harrowed  in  after  the  pomace  has 
been  plowed  under.  This  would  be  a 
good  preparation  for  a  corn  crop.  It 
will  be  easy  to  kill  out  the  young  apple 
trees. 
Lime  for  Bush  Fruits 
I  have  quite  a  lot  of  publications  on 
the  currant,  gooseberry,  raspberry,  etc., 
but  I  fail  to  find  anything  in  any  of  them 
as  to  the  lime  requirements  of  these 
fruits.  My  observations  are  that  the 
dewberry  and  blackberry  will  stand  a 
great  deal  of  acidity,  while  the  raspberry 
requires  a  more  alkaline  soil,  and  the 
currant  and  gooseberry  still  more  alka¬ 
linity.  i*.  si. 
East  Brady,  Pa. 
Such  experiments  as  we  have  seen  cor¬ 
roborate  your  observation.  The  black¬ 
berry  and  the  dewberry  apparently  do 
fairly  well  on  a  sour  soil.  We  frequently 
find  them  in  the  old  pastures  or  back 
fields,  where  the  land  is  certainly  acid. 
The  raspberry,  generally  speaking,  re¬ 
quires  an  alkaline  soil,  or  one  that  is 
neutral  at  least.  It  will  usually  respond 
to  an  application  of  lime,  although  there 
is  often  some  difference  between  the  red 
and  black  raspberries  in  this  respect. 
Our  own  experience  has  been  that  cur¬ 
rants  and  gooseberries  certainly  respond 
to  lime,  although  we  have  not  found  that 
lime  is  more  necessary  for  them  than  it 
is  for  the  raspberry.  The  strawberry 
does  not  thrive  in  an  alkaline  or  sweet 
soil,  and  it  is  a  mistake  to  use  lime  freely 
on  that  crop.  It  does  better  on  an  acid 
soil. 
Baldwin  Spot 
We  are  troubled,  with  Baldwin  spot. 
Our  apples  do  not  color  as  well  as  our 
neighbors’.  We  take  nothing  out  of  the 
orchard  except  apples,  plow  occasionally, 
say  every  other  year,  and  use  quite  large 
quantities  of  stable  manure.  You  might 
say  that  our  orchard  lacks  phosphorus. 
If  so,  what  kind  should  we  buy,  and  how 
much  should  we  use  on  10-year-old  trees? 
Brandon,  Vt.  a.  w.  g. 
Baldwin  spot,  or  bitter  pit,  is  a  so- 
called  “physiological  disease” ;  that  is,  it 
is  not  au  insect  or  fungus  trouble,  but 
rather  the  result  of  some  peculiar  physi¬ 
ological  condition,  frequently  a  fluctuat¬ 
ing  water  supply.  So  far,  the  best  results 
in  overcoming  bitter  pit  have  been  se¬ 
cured  in  orchards  producing  fair  crops  of 
well-distributed,  avenige-size  apples. 
Large,  unevenly  distributed  apples  are 
very  apt  to  develop  bitter  pit.  If  your 
trees  are  young  and  producing  a  few 
large  apples,  the  chances  are  that  they 
will  overcome  the  disease  as  they  become 
older. 
Your  inquiry  sounds  as  though  the  lack 
of  color  in  your  fruit  was  due  to  the 
liberal  application  of  manure.  Manure 
tends  to  increase'  the  amount  of  foliage, 
with  consequent  shading  of  the  fruit.  At 
the  same  time,  manure  retards  maturity 
and  therefore  retards  color  development. 
But  you  will  have  to  decide  for  yourself 
whether  or  not  this  is  the  trouble.  If 
the  terminal  growth  is  vigorous,  6  to  8 
in.  or  more,  you  might  try  the  omission 
of  manure  for  a  year  or  two.  If  the 
growth  is  short,  however,  then  your  trees 
are  in  need  of  food. 
You  suggest  that  phosphorus  induces 
high  color  in  fruit.  A  great  many  have 
held  this  to  be  the  case,  but  there  is  little 
evidence  to  support  the  view.  If  you 
wish  to  try  the  experiment  yourself,  there 
are  a  number  of  materials  carrying  phos¬ 
phorus  available  for  use.  Five  pounds 
of  acid  phosphate  or  3  lbs.  of  bonemeal, 
or  4  lbs.  of  basic  slag  per  tree  will  be 
found  sufficient  for  10-year-old  trees. 
H.  B.  T. 
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