The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
61 
Ailing  Animals 
By  Dr.  A.  S.  Alexander 
Thriftless  Calf 
I  have  a  purebred  Guernsey  calf  six 
months  old  that  I  am  feeding  milk,  wheat 
bran  and  middlings,  also  hay.  He  is  ap¬ 
parently  growing  larger,  but  is  very  thin. 
He  never  misses  a  meal.  I  have 
given  him  small  doses  of  saltpeter 
two  or  three  times,  also  several  small 
doses  of  raw  linseed  oil.  Ilis  hair  is  very 
thick,  long  and  rough,  and  he  seems  to 
sweat  all  the  time.  His  hair  is  full  of 
dead  skin  or  dandruff.  He  seems  to  have 
a  sort  of  humor  all  over  him  like  ring¬ 
worm,  especially  around  the  eyes.  I  fed 
three  other  calves  with  him  ;  they  are  all 
right.  I  keep  him  by  himself  now.  The 
humor  did  not  show  around  eyes  until 
recently.  Is  it  ringworm,  or  is  he  lousy, 
or  what  is  it?  What  shall  I  do  for  him? 
He  is  not  constipated  and  water  is  all 
right.  F.  w.  b. 
It  is  unnatural  for  cattle  to  sweat. 
When  sweating  occurs  it  may,  as  a  rule, 
be  taken  for  granted  that  indigestion  is 
the  cause.  There  may  be  other  causes, 
but  in  our  experience  indigestion  is  most 
common.  A  full  dose  of  physic  usually 
proves  remedial,  or  starts  the  animal  on 
the  road  to  recovery.  Give  the  calf  three 
ounces  of  castor  oil  shaken  up  in  milk, 
and  repeat  the  dose  in  10  days,  unless 
the  ailment  is  by  that  time  evidently  dis¬ 
appearing  fast.  As  soon  as  the  physic 
has  acted  start  giving  cod  liver  oil  twice 
daily.  At  first  give  half  an  ounce  (one 
tablespoonful)  at  a  dose,  and  then  grad¬ 
ually  increase  the  dose  until  as  much  as 
two^ounces  may  be  given  twice  dpily,  if 
that  is  seen  to  be  necessary.  It  should 
be  understood  by  all  owners  of  stock 
that  cod  liver  oil  is  a  wonderfully  ef¬ 
fective  remedy  for  rickets  and  thriftless¬ 
ness,  indicated  by  harsh,  staring  coat, 
hidebound  skin  and  stiffness  or  lameness 
in  young  animals.  Rickets  is  often  asso¬ 
ciated  with  indigestion.  Add  one  ounce 
of  limewater  to  each  pint  of  new  or  skim- 
milk  fed  daily.  Instead  of  the  present 
ration  feed  oats,  bran  and  oilmeal  and  if 
possible  supply  clover  or  Alfalfa  hay, 
some  silage  or  sliced  rutabagas.  Salt¬ 
peter  is  not  indicated  for  the  symptoms 
described,  nor  does  raw  linseed  oil  give 
as  good  results  as  castor  oil  for  young 
cattle.  If  the  three-ounce  dose  does  not 
cause  free  evacuations  of  the  bowels  give 
a  third  more  at  the  second  dose.  When 
calves  are  not  doing  well  it  always  is  a 
good  plan  to  give  them  a  lump  of  chalk 
to  lick,  in  addition  to  rock  salt,  and  if 
chalk  cannot  be  had  to  mix  air-slaked 
lime  with  the  salt.  Powdered  wood  char¬ 
coal  may  also  be  mixed  with  the  ground 
feed  with  good  effect.  Bonemeal,  finely 
ground,  is  even  better  than  slaked  lime 
or  limewater  for  calves  that  show  symp¬ 
toms  of  rickets  or  thriftlessness.  Ring¬ 
worm  causes  crusts  or  scabs  to  form  on 
the  affected  spots.  Castor  oil  should  be 
applied  to  soften  the  crusts,  which  should 
then  be  scrubbed  off,  without  drawing 
blood.  Afterwards  apply  strong  iodine 
ointment  upon  the  spots  and  around 
them  and  repeat  the  application  when 
seen  to  be  necessary.  Bathe  spots  around 
the  eyes  once  or  twice  daily  with  hypo¬ 
chlorite  of  soda  solution. 
Blanketing  Old  Horse 
I  have  a  horse  28  years  old,  fat  and 
fine.  During  the  day  he  runs  in  a  large 
field,  and  can  come  to  his  stable  at  will. 
At  night  he  is  shut  in  a  very  large  double 
stall.  But  his  stable  is  cold.  Would 
you  advise  me  to  put  a  stable  blanket  on 
him  at  night  and  take  it  off  when  he  is 
given  his  freedom,  or  would  it  make  too 
much  of  a  change  for  him?  m.  e.  s. 
The  horse  in  question  is  in  age  as  old 
as  a  man  of  75,  and  is  therefore  wonder¬ 
fully  “well  preserved.”  If  he  has  a  long 
coat  of  hair  and  does  not  sweat  in  the 
stable  and  never  has  been  accustomed  to 
a  blanket,  we  think  he  may  do  best  with¬ 
out  one.  Meanwhile  try  to  make  the 
stable  snugger,  if  cracks  or  other  open 
places  other  than  ventilators  cause  drafts. 
Cold  does  not  hurt  so  much.  It  is  the 
drafts  that  do  harm.  The  temperature 
of  the  stable  should  not,  however,  go  be¬ 
low  55  degrees  Fahrenheit.  If  it  is  colder 
than  that  the  horse  would  better  have  a 
light  blanket,  which  should  cover  the 
chest  and  as  far  back  as  the  hips,  but 
need  not  hang  over  the  hindquarters.  The 
chief  object  in  blanketing  a  horse  in  the 
stable  or  when  he  is  out  of  doors  should 
be  to  protect  the  chest.  A  blanket  may 
be  made  to  do  that  by  bringing  it  snugly 
around  the  chest  and  keeping  it  in  that 
position  by  use  of  big  safety  pins  made 
for  the  purpose.  When  a  horse  that  has 
a  very  heavy  coat  of  hair  sweats  in  the 
stable  that  may  often  be  prevented  by 
clipping  the  hair  from  the  .legs  above  the 
knees  and  hocks  and  from  the  belly  to  a 
line  with  the  straps  of  a  breast  collar 
and  breeching.  When  that  has  been  done 
a  light  blanket  may  be  put  on  the  horse 
in  the  stable  if  the  temperature  falls 
much  below  the  degree  mentioned.  The 
clipped  or  partially  clipped  horse  should 
also  be  blanketed  when  standing  in  a 
draft  out  of  doors  or  unless  taking  active 
exercise  or  being  worked.  It  is  impor¬ 
tant  to  keep  the  blanket  clean  and  dry. 
It  is  therefore  best  to  have  two  blankets, 
and  have  one  drying  while  the  other  one 
is  in  place.  Beat  and  brush  the  blanket 
often  to  free  it  of  scales  or  dandruff,  hair 
and  dried  sweat. 
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