22 
Iht  RURAL  NEW. YORKER 
January  6,  1923 
Ester  Pontiac, 
542824,  Hol- 
s  tei  n-Friesian 
2-year  Heifer, 
Allis  Farms, 
Rumm  er  field, 
Pa.,  Owners. 
Produced  19.26 
lbs.  butter  and 
550  lbs.  milk  in 
7  days. 
Fed  exclusively 
on  Red  Brand 
Ti-o-ga  Dairy 
Feed. 
Individual  Feed  Service 
For  Every  Dairyman 
TI-O'GA  Feed  Service  is  an  individual  service  for  every 
dairyman  and  for  each  cow  in  his  herd. 
In  every  bag  of  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feed  there  is  a  ‘‘classifi¬ 
cation  of  roughage”,  which  tells  the  brand  of  TI-O-GA  Dairy 
Feed  to  be  fed  with  each  class  of  roughage,  and  just  how 
much  dairy  feed  and  roughage  should  be  fed  to  each  cow. 
This  eliminates  guess  work.  Each  cow  receives  a  bal¬ 
anced  ration  that  makes  the  most  out  of  home-grown 
roughage  and  produces  milk  at  lowest  cost. 
Through  this  individual  service  every  dairyman  can 
conserve  every  possible  dollar  in  his  feed  bills.  Further¬ 
more,  our  nutrition  and  feed  expert  will  answer  individual 
inquiries  regarding  any  special  conditions. 
TI-O-GA 
1  FEED  SERVICE 
is  unique  in  its  simplicity  and  practicability  for  daily  use 
by  everybody.  Yet  it  is  exact,  scientific  and  enables  any 
boy  or  girl  who  can  read  to  always  maintain  a  balanced 
ration  no  matter  what  roughage  is  at  hand. 
Red  Brand  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feed 
to  be  fed  with  low  protein  succulent  roughage: 
Silage,  Pasturage,  Green  Fodder,  etc. 
White  Brand  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feed 
to  be  fed  with  medium  protein  dry  roughage: 
Timothy  Hay,  Mixed  Hay,  Corn  Fodder,  etc. 
Blue  Brand  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feed 
to  be  fed  with  high  protein  dry  roughage:  Clover 
Hay,  Alfalfa  Hay,  etc. 
To  add  any  other  feed  will  unbalance  the  ration;  the 
results  will  not  be  as  good  and  the  cost  of  production  will 
be  increased.  This  is  true  whether  the  addition  is  a  cheap 
feed  or  high  concentrate. 
Tioga  Mill  &  Elevator  Co.,  Waverly,  N.  Y 
[jjWHITE 
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Use  the  TI-O-GA  Dairy  Feed 
which  forms  a  balanced  ration 
with  your  own  roughage. 
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is  furnished  with: 
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ins  calve*. 
EGATINE  for  laying  hens. 
CHICATINE  for  growing  chicks. 
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SEED  OATS  treated  for  smut. 
I 
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I 
Live  Stock  Questions 
Answered  by  Prof.  F.  C.  Minkler 
Temperature  in  Dairy  Barn 
What  is  the  proper  temperature  in  an 
ordinary  dairy  barn  that  has  no  special 
ventilation,  only  by  windows  that  open 
back  from  the  top?  l.  h.  j. 
New  York. 
Where  a  system  of  air  exchange  is 
provided  for,  and  the  window  can  be 
opened  so  as  to  avoid  direct  drafts  on 
dairy  cows,  I  should  prefer  a  temperature 
of  50  degrees.  Unventilated  and  warm 
barns  are  standing  invitations  to  pneu¬ 
monia  and  tuberculosis,  and  sudden 
changes  in  temperature  are  conducive  to 
ill  health  and  its  consequent  unprofitable 
production  of  milk.  It  is  always  wise  to 
keep  an  abundance  of  bedding  under  cows 
in  stables  that  are  inclined  to  be  cold  or 
improperly  ventilated.  Fresh  air  is  much 
more  desirable  than  a  hot,  stale  atmos¬ 
phere. 
Feeding  Beet  Pulp 
Can  beet  pulp  be  substituted  profitably 
as  a  morning  feed  in  place  of  hay?  How 
is  it  used?  I  mean  by  that  how  many 
pounds  to  how  much  water  per  cow.  1 
have  hay  and  corn  stover  sufficient  for 
two  cows,  and  would  like  to  get  another 
cow,  but  am  doubtful  whether  another 
cow  would  pay  for  her  hay  and  grain  if 
I  had  to  buy  the  hay.  .  G.  H. 
Connecticut. 
Beet  pulp,  while  relatively  high  iu 
fiber,  should  not  be  considered  a  rough- 
age  and  should  scarcely  be  used  as  a  sup¬ 
plement  for  hay.  At  present  values  it 
would  be  more  economical  to  buy  Alfalfa 
or  clover  hay  than  to  rely  upon  the  beet 
pulp  as  a  source  of  bulk  or  roughage. 
Under  average  conditions  1  lb.  of  dried 
beet  pulp  will  absorb  3  or  4  lbs.  of  water. 
It  will  provide  a  very  succulent  feed,  but 
the  best  results  will  follow  where  some 
well  balanced  grain  mixture  is  fed  in 
conjunction  with  moistened  beet  pulp 
and  hay  to  cows  in  milk.  I  should  pre¬ 
fer  the  use  of  Alfalfa  and  clover  hay  plus 
the  'beet  pulp  and  the  grain  ration  for 
cows  in  milk.  The  reason  why  beet  pulp 
stimulates  the  flow  of  milk  when  sup¬ 
plied  to  dairy  cows  is  due  in  part  to  the 
relatively  high  percentage  of  lime  that 
the  beet  pulp  contributes.  While  it  runs 
about  14  per  cent  fiber,  it  supplies  carbo¬ 
hydrates  in  the  most  suitable  form,  and 
while  not  equal  to  cornmeal  in  feeding 
value,  it  is  much  superior  to  hay,  although 
in  my  opinion  it  cannot  be  used  success¬ 
fully  to  replace  roughage  in  any  ration 
for  dairy  cows. 
Feeding  a  Calf 
What  should  I  feed  my  heifer?  I  feed 
calf  feed  and  oatmeal,  boiled,  and  milk 
and  water,  but  not  much  milk.  She  is 
not  doing  as  well  as  she  ought.  Am  I 
giving  enough  feed,  four  or  five  quarts 
liquid  at  a  meal?  Would  like  to  have 
her  grow.  She  is  six  weeks  old.  A.  H. 
South  Sudbury,  Mass. 
Unless  one  has  either  whole  milk  or 
skimmed  milk  available  for  feeding  calves 
under  six  months  of  age,  the  simplest 
plan  is  to  employ  some  one  of  the  i-eady- 
mixed  calf  feeds.  Especially  is  this  true 
where  one  is  raising  a  single  calf  and  has 
had  no  experience  in  feeding  youngsters 
of  this  age.  The  use  of  linseed  meal  has 
given  good  results,  and  when  a  calf  is 
old  enough  to  eat  dry  feed,  then  a  mix¬ 
ture  consisting  of  equal  parts  of  ground 
oats,  white  middlings,  wheat  bran,  corn- 
meal  and  linseed  meal  has  given  good  re¬ 
sults. 
Ration  Deficient  in  Protein 
Will  you  tell  me  how  to  mix  a  balanced 
1‘ation  for  my  dairy  cows  from  the  follow¬ 
ing  feeds?  t  have  mixed  hay  (clover  and 
Timothy)  and  corn  silage,  and  have  oats, 
shelled  corn  and  buckwheat  to  grind  for 
grain.  I  have  also  ordered  some  wheat 
bran.  Will  it  be  necessary  to  add  any¬ 
thing  more,  and  in  what  proportion 
should  I  mix  the  grain  ?  G.  C.  K. 
Spencer,  O. 
The  ration  proposed,  that  is,  a  com¬ 
bination  of  oats,  corn,  buckwheat  and 
bi-an.  would  be  deficient  in  protein.  Bran 
alone  would  not  bring  your  home-grown 
products  into  complete  balance.  It  is 
desirable  to  add  some  concentrate  such 
as  linseed  meal,  cottonseed  meal,  or  glu¬ 
ten.  to  these  products.  I  would  pro¬ 
pose  the  following  mixture :  200  lbs. 
cornmeal.  150  lbs.  oats,  150  lbs.  buck¬ 
wheat.  150  lbs.  bran,  150  lbs.  linseed 
meal.  200  lbs.  cottonseed  meal.  If  this 
mixture  is  fed  in  proportion  to  the  daily 
production  of  milk,  and  the  animals  are 
given  all  of  the  silage  and  hay  that  they 
will  consume,  your  cows  will  respond 
with  a  generous  flow  of  milk. 
Grain  with  Silage 
What  grain  should  be  given  to  a  herd 
of  Jersey  cows  that  is  being  fed  silage 
morning  and  night,  and  clover  hay  at 
noon?  Will  you  advise  me  of  a  well- 
balanced  ration  of  mixed  feed  or  grains? 
Freehold,  N.  J.  A.  L.  F. 
For  a  herd  of  Jersey  cows  where  silage 
and  clover  hay  is  available,  perhaps  the 
simplest  combination  of  grains  would  be 
as  follows :  200  lbs.  gluten.  150  lbs.  oil- 
meal,  100  lbs.  cottonseed  meal,  300  lbs. 
hominy,  250  lbs.  bran.  Unless  salt  is 
available  or  regularly  fed,  1  or  2  per  cent 
should  be  added  to  the  grain  mixture,  al¬ 
lowing  the  animals  all  of  the  roughage 
that  they  will  consume  twice  daily.  lake- 
wise  let  them  have  all  of  the  silage  that 
they  will  relish  morning  and  evening. 
Where  the  grain  is  mixed  with  the  silage 
after  it  is  distributed  in  the  manger  it  is 
possible  to  increase  the  consumption  of 
silage.  Some  shredded  cornstalks  or  corn 
fodder,  if  fed  in  the  middle  of  the  day, 
would  be  satisfying  and  conducive  to  an 
increased  production. 
Impending  Fistula  of  Withers 
Could  you  give  me  some  information 
about  fistula?  I  have  a  good  10-year-old 
mare  that  has  one  on  both  sides  of  neck, 
just  back  of  collar.  It  has  not  broken, 
but  is  swelled  considerably  and  is  quite 
hard.  Is  there  much  chance  of  making 
her  sound  again?  Should  it  be  left  alone 
until  it  breaks  naturally,  or  should  it  be 
opened?  I  have  been  told  it  is  con¬ 
tagious.  What  causes  such  a  condition? 
Ohio.  l.  w.  A. 
It  is  not  true  that  fistula  of  the  with¬ 
ers  is  contagious  as  a  disease,  but  pus 
from  an  open  or  discharging  fistula  con¬ 
taminating  a  collar  used  on  another  horse 
that  happens  to  have  an  abraded  or  sore 
neck  may  infect  the  part,  and  so  induce 
formation  of  an  abscess.  For  that  reason 
a  contaminated  collar  should  not  be  used, 
if  that  can  be  avoided,  or  should  be  well 
disinfected  befoi’e  use.  A  safe  plan,  with 
such  collars,  is  to  use  a  zinc  pad  next  to 
the  skin.  If  pus  is  already  present  in  the 
forming  abscess  it  will  have  to  be  lib¬ 
erated.  Is  presence  will  be  indicated  by 
heat  and  extreme  sensitiveness  when  the 
part  is  pressed  upon  by  the  fingers,  in 
addition  to  the  swelling  mentioned.  It  is 
also  usual  to  feel  the  part  fluctuate  un¬ 
der  pressure,  indicating  presence  of  fluid, 
and  it  is  customary  to  wait  until  that 
occurs  before  cutting  is  done.  In  many 
cases  one  does  not  find  pus  as  the  fluid 
present.  Serum  or  a  sticky  lymph  is 
ound,  and  pus  forms  later.  The  fluid  is 
contained  in  a  sac  or  cavity  iu  the  af¬ 
fected  part,  and  no  doubt  is  induced  by 
bruising.  A  popular  plan  with  many 
farmei-s  is  to  cover  a  forming  fistula  of 
the  withers  or  poll  with  a  thick  paste 
made  by  boiling  down  May  apple  (man¬ 
drake)  roots  in  lard.  This  sometimes 
disperses  the  fluid,  or  it  may  have  the 
effect  of  bringing  it  close  to  the  surface, 
so  that  it  may  jxe  more  readily  liberated. 
Veterinarians  sometimes  clip  off  the  hair 
and  rub  in  a  mixtux-e  of  one  dram  of 
biniodide  of  mei-eury  and  one  ounce  of 
lard  for  the  same  purpose,  and  at  the 
same  time  dissolve  a  dram  of  iodide  of 
potash  in  the  drinking  water  once  or 
twice  daily,  for  five  consecutive  days,  for 
a  week  or  two,  to  help  disperse  the  swell¬ 
ing  or  cause  i-esoi-ption  of  the  fluid.  If 
pus  is  ready  to  break  through  the  skin, 
however,  you  should  have  a  veterinarian 
perfectly  restrain  the  mare,  administer 
in  anesthetic  to  prevent  pain  and  then 
lay  open  each  pocket  and  pipe  of  the  ab¬ 
scess,  to  obtain  .free  drainage  for  pus  and 
that  dead  or  diseased  cartilage  or  other 
tissue  may  be  dissected  out.  When  this 
has  been  done  the  wound  is  swabbed  with 
tincture  of  iodine,  and  one  method  of 
after  treatment  is  then  to  pack  the  cav¬ 
ities  with  a  strip  of  sterilized  gauze  or  a 
rope  of  teased  oakum,  to  be  kept  saturat¬ 
ed  with  a  mixture  of  equal  quantities  of 
turpentine  and  raw  linseed  oil,  and  re¬ 
newed  later.  .  Another  good  plan  is  con¬ 
stantly  to  irrigate  the  cavities  with 
Dakin’s  solution  or  a  solution  of  hypo- 
ehloi-ite  of  soda  by  means  of  tubes  run  to 
the  bottom  of  each  pocket  from  an  over¬ 
head  container.  a.  S.  a. 
Obstructed  Breathing 
What  is  the  trouble  with  my  hens? 
They  act  like  chickens  with  the  gapes. 
The  trouble  seems  to  be  all  in  the  throat 
or  breathing  apparatus  somewhere.  Some 
make  a  noise  like  hens  talking  to  each 
other,  as  the  childi’en  say,  and  some  make 
a  shrill  whistle.  They  look  bright  and 
seem  to  eat  all  right.  There  is  no  swell¬ 
ing  about  the  head  or  neck,  and  the  eyes 
are  bidght.  Some  of  the  fat  hens  just 
seem  to  open  their  mouth  and  close  it  all 
the  time,  as  if  it  were  hai-d  work  to 
breathe.  mbs.  i.  a. 
These  hens  are  suffering  from  some  ob¬ 
struction  to  the  bi-eathing.  possibly 
caused  by  simple  colds,  possibly  by  the 
growth  of  a  fungus  at  the  entrance  of  the 
windpipe.  At  this  season  of  .the  year 
colds  are  to  be  looked  for,  and  care  should 
be  taken  to  keep  the  fowls  out  of  drafts 
while  on  their  perches  at  night.  This 
does  not  mean  to  close  the  henhouse  and 
subject  the  birds  to  the .  greater  evils  of 
insufficient  ventilation,  but  to  see  to  it 
that  the  perches  are  not  so  situated  that 
cold  winds  blow  across  them  at  night. 
Open  the  mouth  of  one  of  the  birds  that 
is  sixffering  from  obstructed  breathing 
and  see  if  you  can  detect  a  yellowish  ring 
of  soft,  cheesy  material  at  the  entrance 
of  the  windpipe.  If  you  do.  remove  it 
with  a  mop  of  cotton  twisted  tightly 
about  a  splinter  of  wood.  M.  B.  D. 
