14 
The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
January  6,  1923 
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1  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER  1 
333  West  30th  Street,  New  York 
nimuimuimimiiimiiiiinmiHiiminiE 
Horticultural  Notes 
New  Jersey  State  Horticultural  Society 
The  recent  meeting  at  Atlantic  City 
was  noteworthy,  not  only  from  the  stand¬ 
point  of  what  actually  went  on  in  the 
sessions,  but  from  the  ideas  that  the  fruit 
and  vegetable  men  took  back  with  them 
to  the  far  corners  of  New  Jersey.  There 
was  a  larger  attendance  than  usual,  more 
interest  was  shown  by  an  audience  which 
at  times  nearly  filled  the  \  ernon  Room, 
the  program  went  through  with  a  snap, 
there  were  few,  if  any,  dull  moments,  and 
when  they  came,  the  members  always  had 
an  Al  exhibit  to  look  at  on  the  floor  be¬ 
low  Hon.  Emmor  Roberts  of  Moores- 
town.  president  of  the  society,  presided. 
Thousands  of  Sweets. — Once  it  was 
the  Jersey  peach,  but  of  late,  rumors  of 
the  Jersey  “sweet”  have  been  more  and 
more  clearly  heard.  This  year  sweet  po¬ 
tatoes  swung  into  the  prominence  they  so 
richly  deserve  in  the  Garden  State.  One 
side  of  the  show  way  leading  from  the 
boardwalk  to  the  entrance  of  ITaddon 
Hall  was  completely  banked  with  trays 
of  perfect  sweet  potatoes,  each  a  twin  to 
the  next  fellow,  and  as  pertect  a  speci¬ 
men  as  care,  cultivation,  fertilizer  and 
science  c-ould  produce.  There  were  400 
of  these  trays,  mostly  from  Ocean  and 
Atlantic  counties,  and  authorities  say 
that  it  was  the  greatest  sweet  potato 
show  ever  put  on  in  the  world.  Supple¬ 
menting  the  display  exhibit  the  vegetable 
department  of  the  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  had  arranged  trays  of  sweets  show¬ 
ing  the  relation  of  various  fertilizer  com¬ 
binations  to  the  size  and  shape  of  the 
■liber.  Tests  have  shown  that  2-8-0  is 
the  highest  yielding  fertilizer,  that  a  high 
nitrogen  content  produces  chunky  pota¬ 
toes,  that  phospnoric  acid  plays  the  big¬ 
gest  part  in  the  feeding  of  the  crop,  and 
■hat  wherever  the  potash  goes  down  to 
per  cent  the  potato  strings  out. 
Didn’t  Think  They  Came  from  New 
Jersey. — Reflecting  a  “fat  year”  in  apple 
production,  the  fruit  exhibits  glowed  with 
prosperity.  In  many  cases  the  apples 
were  so  large  that  gaping  laymen  just  off 
the  boardwalk  told  their  walking  part¬ 
ners  “They  never  grew  those  in  New 
Jersey;  they  came  from  California,  or 
Oregon,  maybe.”  All  of  which  went  to 
prove  the  necessity  of  more  advertising 
of  New  Jersey  products,  which  was  sug¬ 
gested  by  Samuel  P.  Leeds,  president  of 
the  Atlantic  City  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
who  urged  the  society  to  invest  some  cap¬ 
ital  in  a  permanent  boardwalk  exhibit  of 
New  Jersey  fruit  and  vegetables.  Among 
the  high  spots  were  talks  by  out-of-State 
speakers.  Prof.  S.  W.  Fletcher,  horticul¬ 
turist  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  College, 
and  Prof.  U.  P.  Hedrick  of  Geneva.  John 
H.  McSparran.  Master  of  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  State  Grange,  addressed  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  society  and  the  New  Jer¬ 
sey  State  Grange  on  the  Steel  Pier  De¬ 
cember  5,  the  occasion  being  part  of  the 
golden  jubilee  which  the  Grange  cele¬ 
brated  at  that  time. 
A  Dry  Mixture  from  New  Jersey. — 
Something  dry  has  been  mixed  in  New 
Jersey,  Edward  I.  Edwards  to  the  con¬ 
trary  notwithstanding.  Just  as  effective 
as  self-boiled  lime-sulphur  as  a  Summer 
fungicide  for  apples  and  peaches,  and  no 
more  harmful  to  the  trees,  is  the  so-called 
“dry-mix  sulphur-lime,”  which  Prof.  Far¬ 
ley  reported  had  been  tried  out  with  suc¬ 
cess  last  year  on  the  Seabrook  orchards 
in  Cumberland  County.  It  is  made  by 
mixing  together,  dry,  8  lbs.  of  sulphur, 
4  lbs.  of  lime  and  %  lb.  of  calcium  case¬ 
inate.  When  the  spray  is  needed,  water 
is  added. 
Japanese  Beetle.  —  The  Japanese 
beetle  is  still  carrying  on.  though  only  in 
the  90  square  miles  where  it  has  been 
doing  damage  for  the  last  two  or  three 
years.  R.  IW.  Leeds  and  E.  A.  Mechling 
of  Moorestown.  which  is  in  the  thick  of 
the  plague,  told  startling  tales  of  a  sweet 
cherry  crop  utterly  ruined  in  three  days, 
Hie  trees  stripped  as  bare  as  though  a 
fire  had  gone  through,  of  100  beetles  get¬ 
ting  nourishment  from  one  apple,  and  100 
apples  like  it  on  one  tree.  Dr.  T.  J. 
Headlee.  State  entomologist,  urged 
sprays,  as  strong  as  possible,  well  sui* 
plied  with  a  sticker,  and  put  on  often 
enough  to  keep  the  foliage  and  fruit  cov¬ 
ered  all  the  time. 
Resolutions. — Daylight  saving  is  not 
popular  among  New  Jersey  farmers.  Of 
i  he  three  resolution  which  the  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society  passed,  the  first  was  a  firm 
and  unanimous  stand  against  pushing  the 
clocks  forward  next  April,  or  any  other 
April,  for  that  matter.  Another  resolu¬ 
tion  endorsed  legislation  providing  for 
competition  or  open  bidding  on  all  future 
road  construction  in  the  State,  while  the 
third  dealt  With  the  appropriation  by  the 
Legislature  of  not  less  than  $o.000  to  be 
used  by  th-  Agricultural  Economics  De¬ 
partment  of  the  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  in  co-operation  with  the  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  for  the  economic 
investigation  ef  the  production  and  mar¬ 
keting  of  fruit  in  New  Jersey. 
Legislative  Matters. — A  rather  un¬ 
usual  report  was  presented  by  William 
II.  Reed  for  the  legislative  committee, 
unusual  in  that  for  once  the  farmers 
were  satisfied  with  their  legislative  rep¬ 
resentation.  The  six  men  who  repre¬ 
sent  them  are  all  good  friends  who  are 
willing  to  fight  to  the  finish  for  the 
farmers’  rights.  Recommendations  made 
by  the  legislative  committee  and  unani¬ 
mously  approved  by  the  convention  were 
strict  enforcement  of  the  T  olstead  and 
Hobart  acts,  legislation  providing  for  the 
investigation  of  the  highway  funds,  a 
limit  to  the  size  of  trucks,  an  increase  in 
the  license  fee  of  heavy  trucks,  and  a 
distribution  of  State  school  funds  on  the 
basis  of  teachers  employed  and  day’s  at¬ 
tendance. 
Although  this  is  not  the  year  for  elec¬ 
tion  of  officers,  two  new  members  were 
appointed  on  the  executive  committee. 
They  are  John  IT.  ITankinson  of  Glen 
More,  and  Warren  W.  Oley  of  Bridgeton. 
Fire  Blight  on  Quince 
What  is  the  cause  of  quince  trees  dy¬ 
ing?  I  have  a  nice  block  of  three  acres 
planted  10  years.  Some  have  borne  well 
and  looked  well  in  Spring.  Along  in  the 
Summer  the  bark  cracks  open,  and  after 
a  short  time  foliage  turns  brown,  the 
limbs  dry  up.  and  I  have  a  dead  tree. 
They  stand  in  sod  land.  One  block  is 
well  cultivated,  but  the  same  result  with 
that  nearly  every  year.  I  lose  some  all 
the  same  by  bark  bursting  open,  extends 
from  ground  upward  and  on  limbs. 
Lockport,  N.  Y.  g.  d.  r. 
The  quince  trees  described  by  G.  D.  R. 
are  probably  affected  with  fire  blight,  a 
bacterial  disease  which  is  found  on  the 
apple,  pear  and  quince.  These  bacteria 
are  carried  on  the  feet  of  insects  from 
one  tree  to  another  and  get  ino  the  sap 
in  the  newly  made  tissues.  Infected 
twigs  shrivel  and  double  over,  and  the 
'leaves  turn  brown  of  red,  having  a 
burned  appearance,  hence  the  name  fire 
blight.  Wherever  the  soil  is  enriched  or 
Every  week  we  have  letters  from  men  or 
women  who  are  over  SO  years  old — still 
reading  The  R.  N.-Y.  Some  of  them 
seem  to  have  been  with  the  paper  since 
the  first  issue,  and  they  will  remain  with 
us  as  long  as  they  live.  Then  at  the 
other  extreme  of  life  we  have  the  boys 
and  girls  who  have  started  with  the  paper. 
One  of  them  is  shown  above.  He  is  little 
Billy  Fricke  of  Delaware  County.  N.  Y., 
at  his  job  of  bringing  in  wood.  His  folks 
write  that  Billy  wants  the  paper  first 
when  it  comes.  He  may  be  our  youngest 
subscriber.  He  looks  hardy  and  healthy, 
and  is  evidently  a  good  judge  of  literature. 
cultivated  so  that  a  large  amouut  of  ten¬ 
der  growth  occurs,  one  may  expect  this 
disease  to  appear.  Having  the  trees  in 
sod  generally  keeps  the  growth  down  so 
that  the  trees  do  not  become  infected.  In 
an  infected  orchard  the  diseased  twigs 
should  be  cut  away  with  a  knife,  being 
sure  to  cut  back  into  the  healthy  area. 
After  each  cut  the  knife  should  be  steril¬ 
ized  so  that  no  bacteria  will  be  spread  to 
the  open  wounds.  Mercuric  chloride  so¬ 
lution  is  used  as  a  disinfectant  to  steril¬ 
ize  the  knife  and  to  wash  over  the  newly 
made  cuts. 
The  cracks  which  appear  in  the  bark 
on  the  limbs  are  the  cankers  where  the 
bacteria  live  over  the  Winter.  These 
should  be  scraped  out  and  washed  with  a 
disinfectant  some  time  before  _  growth 
stai-ts  in  the  Spring.  The  writer  has 
spent  weeks  at  a  time  with  a  knife  and 
bottle  of  disinfectant,  trying  to  get  rid 
of  this  disease  in  nursery  stock.  The 
job  is  tedious,  but.  must  he  done  and  done 
thoroughly  to  get  rid  of  the  disease. 
T.  H.  T. 
Northern  Sweet  Potatoes 
Would  Prof.  W.  F.  Massey  tell  us 
something  about  the  culture,  soil,  kind, 
etc.,  in  growing  sweet  potatoes?  We 
have  had  some  very  nice  ones  in  our 
garden,  yet  we  know  nothing  about  pro¬ 
per  culture.  b.  j.  r. 
North  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
The  Hayman  sweet  potato,  also  known 
as  the  Southern  Queen,  being  the  earliest 
and  hardiest  of  the  sweet  potato  family, 
and  also  productive,  will  suit  your  cli¬ 
mate  best.  But,  really,  I  doubt  the 
qualitv  of  any  sweet  potato  grown  in 
your  soil.  If  you  could  get  some  of  the 
sand  that  deeply  underlies  much  of  the 
soil  about  Syracuse,  as  I  have  seen,  it 
would  grow  the  sweet  potatoes  of  better 
quality.  A  sandy  soil,  much  like  ibe  soil 
I  have  seen  in  the  poor  section  west  of 
Albany,  along  the  railroad,  would  he  rhe 
best  soil  for  sweet  potatoes  if  properly 
fertilized.  The  lighter  the  soil  the  bet¬ 
ter.  The  leading  seed  houses  will  sell 
you  the  plants.  Mark  out  furrows  3  ft. 
apart,  and  in  them  use  some  commercial 
fertilizer  running  about  3  per  cent  nitro¬ 
gen,  8  per  cent  phosphoric  acid  and  3 
per  cent  potash.  Use  this  in  the  furrows 
at  the  rate  of  500  lbs.  an  acre.  Then 
throw  furrow  over  from  each  side,  mak¬ 
ing  a  ridge.  Set  the  plants  in  these 
ridges  15  in.  apart,  and  keep  perfectly 
clean  till  vines  cover  the  ground.  Dig 
for  use  as  soon  as  large  enough,  and 
finally  dig  all  as  soon  as  the  early  frost 
has  scorched  the  leaves.  Dry  iu  sun  the 
day  dug.  and  store  in  a  warm  place. 
Handle  carefully,  for  skinned  or  cut  pota¬ 
toes  will  not  keep.  w.  F.  massey. 
Questions  About  Grape  Juice 
Gan  you  tell  me  how  the  commercial 
grape  juice  bottlers  sterilize  their  pat¬ 
ent  stoppers  or  crowns?  At  the  cork 
store  when  I  inquired  they  say  you  can¬ 
not  steam  or  boil  them  as  you  can  corks, 
and  I  am  afraid  to  risk  them  as  they 
come,  for  it  does  not  take  much  to  start 
fermentation.  I  would  like  to  use  the 
tin  crowns,  for  they  are  so  much  more 
convenient.  I  press  my  grapes  and  then 
pasteurize  my  juice  at  about  ISO  degs. 
in  2-gal.  containers,  wait  about  two 
months,  until  it  has  settled,  and  reheat 
in  quart  bottles.  Sometimes  I  get  the 
juice  as  clear  as  wine,  but  it  seems  to  be 
an  accident,  as  I  cannot  duplicate  the 
result  by  the  same  methods.  Can  you  tell 
me  how  it  is  that  it  is  clear  sometimes 
but  not  always?  j.  I.  w. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 
The  large  manufacturers  of  grape  juice 
use  corks  generally  for  sealing  the  bot¬ 
tles.  It  is  the  impression  of  the  writer 
that  he  has  seen  the  patented  stoppers 
under  heat  in  certain  plants. 
The  degree  ISO  for  pasteurization  is 
rather  high,  and  this  tends  to  the  throw¬ 
ing  down  of  solids,  and  hence  the  juice 
becomes  cloudy. 
Light  and  heat  during  storage  influence 
the  color  and  sediment  in  imfermeuted 
grane  juices.  Juices  made  from  certain 
varieties  retain  their  colors  better  than 
others,  and  in  certain  juices  less  sediment 
is  formed.  Grape  juice  kept  in  the  dark 
and  at  a  uniform  cool  temperature  retains 
its  color  and  clearness.  f.  e.  g. 
Remedies  for  Apple  Scab 
I  would  like  to  hear  from  the  apple 
growing  members  of  our  R.  N.-Y.  family 
what  was  their  experience  with  dusting 
in  the  control  of  scab  this  year.  I  have 
been  told  that,  in  some  parts  of  New 
England,  this  treatment  was  a  failure.  I 
have  also  been  told  that  it  is  dangerous 
to  use  any  oil  spray.  While  it  will  kill 
the  scale,  it  will  also,  it  is  said,  kill  the 
trees,  and  that  one  can  never  tell  when 
this  injury  is  going  to  happen.  I  have 
had  one  season’s  experience  with  this  kind 
of  a  spray,  and  so  far  no  apparent  injury 
has  resulted.  I  am  planning  to  use  it 
again  ;  it  is  such  a  comfortable  spray  to 
apply,  but  cannot,  afford  to  take  any 
chances,  so  would  like  to  have  the  experi¬ 
ence  of  other  users.  R.  F. 
New  Hampshire. 
We  would  like  accurate  reports  of  any 
experience  in  fighting  apple  scab.  As  for 
an  oil  spray,  we  have  used  one  for  years 
with  excellent  results.  - 
New  Seedling  Raspberries 
Horticulturists  at  the  New  York  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  have  evolved  three  new 
seedling  raspberries — children  of  Ciith- 
bert.  The  three  seedlings,  now  known 
as  the  Cayuga,  the  Owasco  and  the 
Seneca,  have  survived  a  rigid  selection 
extending  over  a  period  of  12  years,  dur-  • 
ing  which  time  many  sister  seedlings 
were  discarded  as  unfit  for  further  prop¬ 
agation. 
The  fruit  of  these  three  new  raspberries, 
is  said  to  be  as  large  as  that  of  either 
parent,  and  of  good  quality  and  flavor. 
Of  the  three  new  varieties,  the  Cayuga 
and  the  Seneca  are  described  as  being  the 
most  desirable  for  commerc-iji]  purposes. 
Plants  of  both  varieties  are  very  vigorous 
and  productive,  with  exceptionally  large 
berries  and  clusters.  In  appearance  and 
flavor  the  Cavuga  is  quite  similar  to 
Cuthtert.  Seneca  is  a  little  more  sprightly 
in  flavor,  and  is  also  a  few  days  later. 
The  Owasco  does  not  produce  as  large  or 
as  vigorous  plants  as  its  two  -  sister  va¬ 
rieties,  but  the  berries  are  very  large, 
juicy  and  firm,  with  a  decided  Cut-hbert 
flavor.  It  is  regarded  as  an  excellent  va¬ 
riety  for  the  amateur  grower. 
A  limited  amount  of  stock  of  these  new 
varieties  is  now  being  distributed  among 
the  members  of  the  New  York  State  Fruit 
Testing  Co-operative  Association.  Inc., 
for  further  testing  and  propagation. 
A  Gothamite  in  Havana  asked  cen¬ 
tral  to  connect  him  with  a  certain  num¬ 
ber  in  New  York,  adding,  “Tell  the  party 
who  answers  that  I  wish  to  speak  to  my 
bulldog.”  After  a  brief  interval,  guests 
standing  near  by  heard  a  faint  ““Woof, 
woof !”  coming  from  the  receiver.  Then 
central  cut  in  sweetly.  “Your  time  is  up ; 
that  will  be  twenty  dollars.”  “Dog-gone !” 
growled  the  New  Yorker,  “that’s  ten  dol¬ 
lars  a  woof.” — New  York  Globe. 
