352 
Vm  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
March  3,  1923 
DE  LAVAL 
CREAM  SEPARATOR 
PRICES 
A  word  about  De  Laval  Cream  Separator  prices  to 
prospective  1923  purchasers  is  pertinent  at  this  time. 
De  Laval  prices  were  reduced  last  year  to  practi¬ 
cally  the  pre-war  level,  allowing  for  increased  capacity 
and  other  improvements  made  meanwhile. 
This  reduction  was  made  in  anticipation  of  a  fur¬ 
ther  reduction  in  labor  and  material  costs.  The  reverse 
has  happened.  Labor  and  material  costs  are  going  up 
rather  than  down. 
If  they  continue  to  do  so  De  Laval  prices  will  have 
to  be  advanced.  They  are  now  too  low.  The  economies 
possible  through  greatly  increased  production  can 
alone  permit  of  their  remaining  so. 
In  any  event,  De  Laval  prices  cannot  be  re¬ 
duced.  They  may  easily  have  to  be  advanced  at 
any  time.  The  safe  thing  to  do  is  to  buy  now 
and  take  no  chances. 
This  is  the  more  so  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  1923 
De  Laval  machines  are  even  better  than  ever  before, 
that  dairying  was  never  more  profitable,  and  that  no 
one  having  use  for  a  cream  separator  could  ever  less 
afford  to  be  without  the  best  or  to  continue  the  use  of 
an  inferior  or  half-worn-out  machine. 
Why  not  see  your  local  De  Laval  agent  at  once  or 
write  us  direct  at  the  nearest  address  given  below? 
The  De  Laval  Separator  Company 
NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 
163  Broadway  29  E.  Madison  St.  61  Beale  Street 
FLEECE  WOOLS 
It  has  been  our  experience  that 
a  grower  prefers  to  know  what 
he  is  going  to  get  for  his  wool, 
and  when  he  will  receive  his 
money,  before  the  wool  leaves 
his  possession. 
Write  us  advising  the  quantity 
you  have,  with  the  grade  of  your 
sheep,  and  we  will  quote  you 
price  delivered  on  cars  at  your 
shipping  point.  Also  write  us 
for  prices  on  Beef  Hides,  Horse 
Hides,  Calf  Skins,  Raw  Furs,  etc. 
H.  A.  PERKINS  CO.,  Inc. 
Wool,  Hide  and  Fur  Merchants 
White  River  Junction  -  Vermont. 
8  Railroad  Row 
Color  Your  Butter 
“  Dandelion  Butter  Color  ”  Gives  That 
Golden  June  Shade  and  Costs 
Really  Nothing.  Read ! 
Before  churning  add  one-half  teaspoon¬ 
ful  to  each  gallon  of  cream  and  out 
of  your  churn  comes  butter  of  Golden 
June  shade  to  bring  you  top  prices. 
“Dandelion  Butter  Color”  costs  nothing 
because  each  ounce  used  adds  ounce  of 
weight  to  butter.  Large  bottles  cost  only 
35  cents  at  drug  or  grocery  stores.  Purely 
vegetable,  harmless,  meets  all  State  and 
National  food  laws.  Used  for  50  years 
by  all  large  creameries.  Doesn’t  color 
buttermilk.  Absolutely  tasteless. 
Wells  &  Richardson  Co..  Burlington,  Vt. 
SUNNY  Southern  Jersey  New  York.  Atlantic 
City,  cash  markets  Stocked  farms.  $1,000  up  ;  terms. 
Free  catalog.  JKKSKY  iUENOlf.  lilKN  >n.»u  St.,  N.  I.  0. 
UNADILLA  SILOS 
Trustworthy 
You  can  trust  your  green  corn  to  a 
Unadilla  Silo.  It’ll  keep  fresh  and 
succulent  because  the  U nadilla  is  air 
and  water-tight  and  frost  repellent. 
You  can  trust  your  boy  or  girl  up  and 
down  Its  wide,  safe,  handy  and  ever- 
ready  door-front  ladder.  You  can  trust 
your  man  to  tighten  its  hodps — it’s  easy. 
One  place  to 
do  it — from  the 
door-front  lad¬ 
der. 
Choose  the 
Unadilla  — it’s 
worth  trusting. 
Send  for  ourbif 
1923  c atalof 
UNADILLA 
SILO  CO. 
Box  C 
Unadilla,  N.Y. 
Cream  Separators,  Spreaders,  Gas  Engines 
other  farm  equipment  are  world  famous  for  their 
prices  and  unequalled  quality.  Don’t  buy  until  you,, 
.  Galloway’s  latest  prices.  This  year  J  ■  ■* 
can’t  beat  the  big  bargains  offered  by  U 
oway’s  direct-from-factory-to-farm  _ 
es.  Half  a  million  pleased  custo- 
i  testify  that  Galloway  prices  are  s 
r.  -Galloway  farm  equipment 
i  in  superior  design,  workmanship  and 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Cash 
— —  *r  credit.  Send  today  . 
for  Gallo- 
kwa’ys  sen-  f 
^  national  f 
jj  price  out-! 
H  tin#  buy-' 
er’s  £Uide. 
m. Galloway  CoS 
Sox  271  *  _ 
Waterloo.  Iowa— 3 
Live  Stock  Matters 
Conducted  By  Prof.  F.  C.  Minkler 
Home-Brown  Feed  for  Pigs 
I  would  like  Prof.  Minkler’s  advice  on 
using  home-raised  grain  for  pigs.  Mid¬ 
dlings  are  generally  recommended  in  a 
ration,  but  the  middlings  we  buy  here  are 
poor  stuff.  What  they  sell  for  white 
middlings  will  not  thicken  water  to  make 
swill,  and  the  bran  is  worse.  Would  red 
dog  feed  be  all  right  to  use  where  mid- 
lings  are  called  for?  But  why  pay  more 
for  the  by-product  of  the  wheat  than  the 
whole  wheat  is  worth?  That  is  what  we 
have  to  do  here.  Give  a  formula  for 
using  ground  wheat  with  corn  and  tank¬ 
age  :  also  the  proportion  of  ground  oats 
and  the  proportion  of  buckwheat  or  buck¬ 
wheat  middlings  with  corn  and  tankage. 
New  Jersey.  SUBSCRIBER. 
Unfortunately  a  large  percentage  of 
the  standard  middlings  available  today 
are  nothing  more  than  ground  bran  plus 
ground  screenings.  They  are  not  palat¬ 
able.  nor  standardized  in  any  sense. 
Flour  millers  take  this  means  of  getting 
rid  of  their  surplus  by-products.  When 
there  is  au  increased  demand  for  bran 
more  of  the  screenings  are  put  into  the 
bran  stream,  and  when  there  is  mor.e 
demand  for  standard  middlings,  largely 
used  as  a  hog  feed,  the  over-run  screen¬ 
ings  are  disposed  of  through  this  source. 
Hence  the  one  safe  wheat  product  to  use 
in  swine  feeding  is  what  we  term  red 
dog  flour.  However,  there  is  compara¬ 
tively  little  difference  in  the  analysis  of 
the  various  wheat  products,  as  the  fol¬ 
lowing  table  will  show: 
Ash 
Pro. 
Fiber 
N.  f.  Ext. 
Eat 
Wheat  ... 
1.8 
12.4 
2  2 
71 
2.1 
Std.  Mids. 
4.4 
17.4 
6.0 
56 
4.9 
R.  Dog  F’r 
2.5 
16.8 
2.2 
68 
4.0 
If  we  compare  these  three  products  on 
another  basis,  that  of  determining  the 
amount  of  total  digestible  nutrients  that 
100  lbs.  will  contribute,  we  And  that 
wheat  yields  81  per  cent,  red  dog  flour 
70  per  cent,  standard  middlings  09  per 
cent,  wheat  bran  60  per  cent.  It  is  im¬ 
portant.  however,  to  recognize  that  the 
red  dog  flour  yields  nearly  17  lbs.  of  pro¬ 
tein,  as  against  12%  for  wheat,  that  it 
is  much  higher  in  ash  and  contributes 
nearly  twice-  as  much  fat.  Also  that 
wheat  only  gives  two  more  pounds  of 
digestible  nutrients  per  100  lbs. 
Your  suggestion  why  pay  more  for  a 
by-product  of  wheat  than  for  the  whole 
wheat  is  worth  is  misleading  in  a  meas¬ 
ure.  for  there  are  other  conditions  out¬ 
side  of  mere  chemical  analysis  that  must 
he  taken  into  consideration.  Whole 
ground  wheat  when  used  as  feed  for 
swine  makes  a  pasty  mass  rather- difficult 
to  digest  and  not  especially  palatable  to 
•feed.  The  standard  middlings,  owing  to 
tjheir  relatively  large  amount  of  screen¬ 
ings  and  coarse  bran  particles,  are  more 
or  less  constipating  for  pigs,  especially 
young  pigs,  and  this  is  why  it  is  gener¬ 
ally  believed  to  he  economical  to  use  red 
dog  flour  rather  than  whole  wheat.  The 
same  condition  applies  to  gluten  meal, 
which  is  a  by-product  from  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  starch  and  is  taken  exclusively 
from  corn.  The  corn  itself  will  yield 
only  10  per  cent  of  protein,  but  gluten 
feed  may  vary  from  20  to  30  per  cent, 
because  it  is  derived  from  that  portion 
of  the  corn  germ  that  is  rich  in  protein 
and  low’er  in  starch. 
Where  grouud  wheat  is  used  in  a  ra¬ 
tion  for  pigs  it  only  contributes  feeding 
value  equivalent  to  that  of  corn ;  both 
will  yield  in  the  neighborhood  of  12  per 
cent  of  protein,  and  the  corn  is  much 
higher  in  carbohydrates.  It  is  my  belief 
that  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  utilize 
any  wheat  feeds  for  pigs  weighing  more 
than  75  lbs.,  and  I  should  look  largely 
to  corn  and.  tankage  to  supply  the  bulk 
of  the  nutriment  for  growing  pigs  and 
fattening  pigs  of  all  ages. 
Buckwheat  middlings  are  worth  much 
more  for  use  in  feeding  dairy  cows  than 
in  feeding  pigs.  Buckwheat  seems  to 
irritate  the  digestive  system  of  a  pig, 
and  there  is  difficulty  in  establishing  as 
high  a  coefficient  of  digestibility  of  these 
products  as  when  fed  to  dairy  cows.  If 
I  used  buckwheat  middlings  at  all  with 
ground  oats  and  tankage  I  should  com¬ 
bine  them  in  the  following  proportion : 
50  lbs.  of  corn.  20  lbs.  of  oats,  20  lbs. 
of  buckwheat  middlings,  10  lbs.  of  di¬ 
gester  tankage. 
If  it  is  desired  to  use  a  ration  for 
younger  pigs,  one  that  would  be  more  effi¬ 
cient  than  the  one  above,  I  should  sug¬ 
gest  60  lbs.  of  corn,  15  lbs.  of  red  dog 
flour,  15  lbs.  of  oats.  10  lbs.  of  digester 
tankage. 
Where  the  tankage  itself  is  found  to 
be  the  expensive  ingredient  and  where 
one  fattens  a  number  of  pigs  the  cost 
can  be  reduced  by  substituting  corn  germ 
meal  for  a  part  of  the  tankage.  For  in¬ 
stance.  where  10  lbs.  of  digester  tankage 
is  used  in  a  ration  it  is  possible  to  use  a 
mixture  consisting  of  6  lbs.  of  corn  germ 
meal  and  4  lbs.  of  tankage  with  about 
equal  results. 
It  seems  to  be  requisite  that  a  limited 
amount  of  animal  protein  be  provided 
either  through  the  agency  of  skim-milk  or 
digester  tankage.  It  is  believed  that  yel¬ 
low  corn  is  superior  to  white  corn  for 
feeding  pigs  confined  in  dry  lots.  There 
is  no  difference  in  feeding  value  of  corn 
[  of  different  colors  when  animals  are  out 
iu  the  open  and  have  access  to  such  forage 
crops  as  clover,  Alfalfa,  rape  or  Blue  gni'S. 
In  order  that  pigs  confined  in  pens  and 
limited  to  concentrates  exclusively  may 
grow  and  develop  in  a  satisfactory  man¬ 
ner  ground  limestone  and  salt  mixed  in 
equal  parts  should  be  made  available  ar 
all  times. 
The  oue  objection  to  oats  iu  the  feed¬ 
ing  of  fattening  pigs  or  young  growing 
animals  is  due  to  their  relatively  high 
fiber  content.  Oat  groats  are  'nest  suited 
for  use  in  pig  feeding,  although  they  are 
relatively  expensive  and  nor  always 
available.  I  know  one  prominent  breeder 
of  swine  in  Indiana  who  relies  largely 
upon  oat  groats  to  produce  that  stretch 
and  hone  development  so  much  desired 
by  breeders  of  the  big  type  market 
swine. 
Utilizing  Buckwheat 
Is  ground  buckwheat,  hulls  and  all.  good 
to. feed  to  cows  and  chickens.'  About  row 
much  would  you  put  in  a  ration?  What 
.do  you  thing  of  the  following  ration.  b>- 
ing  used  at  present:  100  lbs.  cottonseed. 
.150  lbs.  gluten  feed.  250  lbs.  bran.  10»> 
lbs.  ground  oats.  150  lbs.  ground  corn, 
with  Timothy  and  Red-top  hay  and  beet 
pulp  for  succulence?  J.  w.  R. 
Valhalla,  N?  Y 
Buckwheat  hulls  are  very  high  in  fiber, 
the  average  analysis  indicating  approxi¬ 
mately  40  per  cent,  as  compared  with  20 
per  cent  for  low-grade  oat  feed.  The 
hulls  yield  only  five  per  cent  of  protein 
and  100  lbs.  of  the  buckwheat  hulls  would 
contribute  only  16  lbs.  of  digestible  nutri¬ 
ents.  Thus,  from  a  standpoint  <>f  nutrition 
they  are  relatively  insignificant,  their 
chief  fnuction  being  to  contribute  bulk 
and  variety.  On  the  other  hand,  high- 
grade  buckwheat  middlings  constitute  one 
of  the  best  feeds  available  when  incor¬ 
porated  in  carefully  compounded  rations 
for  dairy  cows.  On  an  average  this  prod- 
liet  carries  25  per  cent  protein  and  only 
live  per  cent  of  ash.  and  about  seven  per 
cent  of  fat.  If  buckwheat  is  used  for 
poultry,  the  whole  kernel  should  be  in¬ 
cluded  iu  the  scratch  feed.  The  buck- 
what  hulls  would  be  almost  useless  for 
birds  on  account  of  their  high  fiber  ami 
their  low  food  content.  The  ration  that 
you  propose  will  yield  approximately  18 
per  cent  of  crude  protein.  It  is  faulty, 
however,  inasmuch  as  it  lacks  bulk  and 
would  not  be  especially  palatable.  ! 
should  add  150  lbs.  of  linseed  meal,  10O 
ibs.  of  cornmeal,  and  150  lbs.  of  buck¬ 
wheat  hulls.  Since  you  have  a  poor  grade 
of  roughage,  viz.,  Timothy  hay  and  Red 
top,  it  would  he  well  to  scatter  on  the 
hay  about  2  lbs.  of  bonemeal  f<*r  each 
100  lbs.  of  graiu  fed  per  day. 
Dairy  Ration  with  Alfalfa  and  Corn 
Fodder 
What  ration  should  be  fed  to  Jersey 
cows  to  obtain  the  best  results,  having 
Alfalfa  hay  for  roughage?  How  much 
per  day  should  be  fed  to  each  cow?  What 
ration  should  be  fed,  and  how  much,  if 
corn  fodder  is  used  as  roughage? 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  r.  J.  i>. 
The  standard  practice  of  supplying 
roughage,  such  as  mixed  hay  or  corn  fod¬ 
der,  to  dairy  cows  involves  the  use  of  all 
of  these  materials  that  the  cows  will 
readily  consume.  It  may  vary,  depending 
upon  the  quality  and  palatability  of  the 
hay,  from  10  to  20  lbs.  Ordinarily  cows 
will  consume  readily  from  12  to  15  lbs. 
of  Alfalfa  hay,  and  will  pick  over  from 
25  to  30  lbs.  of  the  shredded  corn  fodder. 
It  must  be  realized  that  one  cannot  ex¬ 
pect  cows  to  clean  up  corn  fodder  en¬ 
tirely,  as  they  will  do  with  second  or 
third  cutting  Alfalfa  hay  or  clover.  In 
the  absence  of  silage  and  assuming  that 
some  moistened  beet  pulp  is  to  provide  the 
succulence,  Jersey  cows  ought  to  do  well 
if  fed  1  lb.  of  the  following  grain  ration 
for  each  3%  lbs.  of  milk  produced  per 
day :  Oilmeal,  150  lbs.' ;  cottqnseed 
meal,  43  per  cent,  200  lbs. ;  oats.  200 
lbs. ;  bran.  200  lbs. ;  corn  or  hominy  meal. 
250  lbs..  If  it  be  possible  to  replace  3 *M • 
lbs.  of  oats  with  100  lbs.  of  brewers’ 
grains,  the  combination  would  be  more 
palatable,  and  if  hominy  meal  is  used  it 
would  be  well  to  feed  in  addition  50  lbs. 
of  corn  germ  meal.  The  amount  of  cot¬ 
tonseed  meal,  viz..  20  per  cent,  is  rela¬ 
tively  high,  and  might  be  reduced  to  150 
lbs.  in  case  the  roughage  was  exclusively 
Alfalfa  hay  rather  than  a  combination  of 
Alfalfa  hay  and  corn  fodder.  If  you  feed 
the  Alfalfa  hay  morning  and  night  and 
rely  upon  the  corn  fodder  to  supply  the 
bulk  of  roughage  to  be  taken  during  the 
middle  of  the  day.  then  you  will  find  that 
an  average  Jersey  cow  will  require  about 
12  lbs.  of  Alfalfa  hay  and  will  pick  over 
about  15  lbs.  of  the  shredded  corn  fodder. 
Unless  salt  is  available  it  would  be 
well  to  add  1%  per  cent  to  the  grain  ra¬ 
tion.  This  ration  is  intended  for  dairy 
cows  in  milk,  and  would  be  ill-suited  for 
dry  cows.  Jersey  cows  especially  respond 
during  their  dry  period  to  a  combination 
consisting  of  equal  parts  of  cornmeal. 
ground  oats,  wheat  bran  and  15  per  cent 
linseed  meal. 
