388 
1 he  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
March  10,  1923 
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Commercial  Fruit  Culture 
Fertilization  of  Fruit  Trees 
1.  Having  read  several  times  in  different 
farm  papers  of  orebardists  placing  nitrate 
of  soda  under  their  trees  with  good  re¬ 
sults,  I  would  like  to  know  whether  it 
is  possible  to  use  too  much.  I  have  sev¬ 
eral  apple  trees  24  years  old,  some  more 
about  eight,  aud  some  two-.vear-old  trees 
I  set  last  Spring  along  with  several  peacn 
trees.  I  have  read  where  some  orchard- 
ists  having  20-year  trees  put  on  8  lbs.  of 
nitrate  of  soda.  Do  you  think  that  would 
be  all  right  for  my  24-year  trees?  Would 
8  lbs.  be  about  the  amount  for  the  eight- 
year  trees?  How  about  44  lb.  for  those 
set  last  Spring?  Suppose  I  put  on  12 
lbs.  to  each  24-year  tree,  would  the  tree 
derive  that  much  more  benefit,  or  would 
that  amount  be  too  much  of  a  good  thing? 
2.  What  do  you  think  of  the  Stark  De¬ 
licious  and  Golden  Delicious  apples? 
Newtown,  Conn.  C.  c.  B. 
The  amount  of  nitrate  of  soda  that 
C.  C.  B.  profitably  may  use  around  his 
24-year-old  apple  trees  largely  depends 
upon  the  character  of  soil  occupied  by  the 
trees.  If  the  trees  annually  are  making 
from  six  to  eight  inches  of  twig  growth 
at  the  terminals  of  the  branches,  and  the 
foliage  is  large,  abundant  aud  dark  green 
years  of  age  virtually  means  distribution 
of  the  plant  food  over  the  entire  surface 
of  the  soil  between  the  tree  rows.  For 
the  feeding-root  systems  of  apple  trees  of 
such  age,  if  the  trees  be  spaced  at  dis¬ 
tances  varying  (as  they  do  in  different, 
sections)  from  30  to  40  ft.  apart,  will 
freely  intermingle  in  the  soil  of  the  spaces 
senarating  them. 
Now  as  to  the  rate  of  application  of 
nitrate  of  soda  for  young  fruit  trees 
Here  again  the  best  that  we  may  do  is 
to  take  into  consideration  the  character 
of  the  soil  as  evidenced  by  tree  growth 
and  size  and  color  of  the  leaves,  and 
gauge  our  applications  accordingly.  In 
the  orchard  fertilization  work  of  the  Ohio 
Experiment  Station,  with  which  the 
writer  has  been  in  very  close  touch  for 
the  past  12  years,  we  have  been  led  to 
adopt  a  -tentative  schedule  for  tree  fer¬ 
tilization  in  the  thin,  poor,  upland  and 
hilly  areas  of  our  State,  which  not  only 
is  giving  satisfactory  results  in  the  or¬ 
chards,  but  apparently  meeting  the  ap¬ 
proval  of  both  private  and  professional 
horticulturists. 
Beginning  with  little  trees  that  have 
been  planted  one  year  (therefore  having 
become  established  to  the  extent  that  a 
limited  feeding-root  system  is  again  in 
operation)  we  use  44  lb.  of  nitrate  of 
soda  per  tree,  scattered  in  a  small  circle 
A  Labor-saving  Ice  Saw 
I  send  you  picture  of  an  ice  saw  I  made  for  my  employer.  Of  course  it  will  not  grow 
potatoes  or  wheat,  but  it  surely  saves  a  lot  of  hired  help.  This  year  it  saved  from 
six  to  eight  men’s  labor.  Now  suppose  a  community  of  farmers  get  together  aud 
build  a  rig  of  this  kind.  One  man  could  do  all  the  sawing,  and  all  could  be  filling 
their  houses  at  the  same  time,  instead  of  begging  and  paying  men  to  get  them  to  saw 
ice  the  old-fashioned,  back-breaking  way.  I  used  a  5  h.p.  engine  and  a  10-in.  saw 
(belt  driven).  It  surely  worked  fine.  The  only  objection  to  the  engine  is  that  it  is 
a  little  too  heavy  to  lift  around,  but  one  man  can  shove  it  with  ease  on  smooth, 
hard  ice.  ‘  N-  WHITNEY. 
New  York. 
in  color,  the  truth  is  rather  clearly  indi¬ 
cated  that  they  need  little  or  no  additional 
nitrogenous  plant  food.  For  such  trees, 
by  way  of  experiment,  2  or  3  lbs.  of 
finely  crushed  nitrate  of  soda  may  be 
evenly  distributed  around  each  tree  un¬ 
der  the  outer  extremities  of  the  branches. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  the  trees  gener¬ 
ally  are  making  very  short  annual  twig 
growths,  and  the  foliage  is  small,  scant 
and  pale  green  in  color,  it  reasonably  may 
be  suspected  that  the  soil  is  quite  lacking 
in  nitrogenous  plant  food.  _  Under  these 
conditions  5  or  6  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda 
per  tree,  applied  early  in  Spring,  just  as 
the  leaf  buds  begin  to  swell,  safely,  and 
doubtless  profitably  may  be  used.  There 
may  be  cases  in  which  extremely  pool- 
soil  and  proportionate  low  vigor  of  24- 
vear-old  apple  trees  will  justify  the  use  of 
8  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda  per  tree  for  the 
first  year  or  two  of  fertilization. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  even  an  orcha  rd  is t 
well  experienced  in  orchard  fertiliza¬ 
tion  cannot  in  advance  determine  exactly 
how  much  plant  food  of  a  given  kind  his 
trees  mav  utilize  with  neither  waste  nor 
want.  The  best  he  can  do  is  carefully  to 
observe  the  comparative  growth,  appear¬ 
ance  and  fruitfulness  of  his  trees  and 
decide  accordingly  the  quantity  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  to  be  applied  to  each.  In  applying 
concentrated  fertilizers  in  orchards  it 
should  be  evenly  scattered  or  “sown”  in 
circles  or  belts  around  the  individual 
trees  beneath  and  even  somewhat  beyond 
(outside)  the  outer  extremities  of  their 
branches.  This  rule  applies  to  trees  of 
various  ages,  from  those  but  one  year 
planted  to  those  of  adult  sizes.  Almost 
invariably  a  beginner  in  fertilization  will 
scatter  the  material  over  much  too  small 
circles  beneath  branches  of  the  trees — too 
close  to  their  bases.  Proper  application 
of  fertilizer,  therefore,  in  an  orchard  24 
about  1  ft.  from  their  bases.  This  appli¬ 
cation,  as  above  stated,  should  be  made 
early  in  Spring,  about  the  time  the  leaf 
buds  begin  to  swell.  For  each  sueceed- 
in  season  thereafter  we  increase  the  quan¬ 
tity  of  nitrate  of  soda  by  44  lb.  Thus  a 
tree  planted  four  years  will  receive  1  lb. 
of  nitrate ;  at  eight  years,  2  lbs. ;  at  12 
years,  3  lbs. ;  at  1G  years,  4  lbs. ;  at  20 
years.  5  lbs.  etc.,  having  observed  the 
stated  increases  by  quarter-pounds  within 
each  four-year  period. 
But  why  confine  orchard  fertilization 
where  soil  poverty  is  clearly  apparent 
wholly  to  use  of  concentrated  nitrogenous 
plant  food?  If  the  tillage-legume-cover- 
crop  system  of  orchard  culture  is  prac¬ 
ticed,  additional  phosphorus  surely  will 
be  needed  to  promote  vigoi-ous  growth  of 
the  leguminous  plants  constituting  the 
vegetative  growths  used  as  a  soil  cover¬ 
ing  and  source  of  humus  within  the  soil. 
If  the  grass-mulch  method  of  orchard  cul¬ 
ture  be  followed,  phosphorus  will  be  of 
equal  service  in  encouragement  of  a  gen¬ 
erous  admixture  of  legumes  with  the  vari¬ 
ous  grasses.  Besides,  where  acid  phos¬ 
phate  (as  a  source  of  phosphorus)  in 
equal  weight  is  mixed  with  nitrate  of 
soda,  the  fei-tilizing  material  may  be  ap¬ 
plied  more  uniformly  and  with  added  sat¬ 
isfaction  in  every  way.  The  subjects  of 
orchard  culture  and  fertilization  are  so 
closely  related,  so  dovetailed,  so  insepar¬ 
able,  that  discussion  of  one  cannot  but 
overlap  the  other.  Perhaps  we  may  write 
of  these  important  and  interesting  mat¬ 
ters  a  little  more  fully  later  on. 
2.  The  queries  of  C.  C.  B.  regarding 
the  value  of  Stark’s  Red  Delicious  and 
Golden  Delicious,  for  reasons  quite  ob¬ 
vious.  should  be  answered  by  those  who 
have  had  experience  with  these  varieties 
in  Connecticut.  I  would  suggest  that  he 
write  to  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  of  his  home  State.  F.  h.  ballou. 
Ohio  Experiment  Station, 
