tP-e  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
473 
Horticultural  Short  Cuts 
Blue  Jays  on  Grapevines 
We  have  on  our  property  several  grape¬ 
vines  ;  we  also  have  a  noisy  horde  of 
hungry  bluejays.  Times  without  number 
we  watch  these  birds  hop  up  and  down 
the  vines,  and  they  invariably  seem  to 
peek  at  these  vines,  all  along  the  whole 
length  of  the  shoot.  They  not  only  seem 
to  peck  at  the  vines — they  actually  do 
peck  at  them,  with  apparent  avidity,  too. 
What  are  they  after,  and  what  do  they 
get,  and  is  this  practice  detrimental  to 
the  vine?  MRS.  o.  p.  H. 
It  is  probable  that  the  bluejays  on  the 
grapevines  are  feeding  on  the  eggs  and 
larva*  of  various  insects  that  may  be  on 
the  vines.  So  far  as  is  known,  there  are 
no  stages  of  insects  injurious  to  the 
vines  on  the  vines  during  the  Winter 
months,  so  that  the  feeding  must  be 
confined  to  other  insect  forms  that  are 
temporarily  resting  on  the  vine  parts. 
The  United  States  Biological  Survey  re¬ 
ports  from  many  examinations  that  in¬ 
sects  comprise  about  22  per  cent  of  the 
food  of  the  bluejay.  F.  E. 
Controlling  Grape  Leaf-hopper 
I  have  50  acres  of  grape  vineyard,  and 
wish  you  would  advise  me  whether  I 
should  purchase  a  dust  machine  or  a 
sprayer  to  control  the  leaf-hopper  or 
aphis.  'What  solution  or  mixture  should 
I  use  to  control  the  leaf-hopper? 
Forestville,  N.  Y.  j.  e.  F. 
The  grape  leaf-hopper  can  be  effectu¬ 
ally  controlled  through  the  use  of  nico¬ 
tine  sulphate  and  water.  One-half  pint 
of  a  40  per  cent  nicotine  sulphate  in  100 
gallons  of  water  has  been  found  effective. 
Spraying  for  this  insect  is  not  effective 
on  the  over-wintering  adults,  but  must 
be  delayed  to  get  the  young  nymphs 
hatching  on  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves 
when  these  show  in  maximum  numbers. 
It  is  obvious  that  young  forms  must  bo 
hit  to  the  end  that  they  are  killed,  hence 
the  spray  should  be  directed  to  the  under 
sides  of  the  leaves.  It  would  seem  that 
the  dusting  for  control  of  grape  leaf- 
hopper  is  still  a  matter  of  experiment, 
although  in  some  instances  it  has  been 
reported  as  successful. 
P.  E.  G. 
Grape-berry  Moth 
I  am  troubled  with  wormy  grapes,  and 
have  so  far  been  unable  to  control  the 
pest  successfully,  probably  because  I  do 
not  know  the  culprit  or  its  habits.  The 
injury  is  worse  around  outside  of  vine¬ 
yard.  and  especially  on  one  side  near  a 
timber  pasture.  Injury  to  berries  is  al¬ 
ways  where  two  berries  touch  each  other, 
and  they  usually  stick  together.  Have 
never  noticed  injury  until  latter  part  of 
July,  or  about  the  time  fruit  begins  to 
ripen.  Last  July  (about  the  10th),  while 
working  in  affected  parts  of  vineyard,  I 
noticed  numerous  small,  light-colored 
moths  fly  out  of  vines  when  I  disturbed 
them.  Is  that  the  culprit?  E.  A.  s. 
It  is  probable  that  the  wormy  grapes 
are  caused  by  the  grape-berry  moth.  Ob¬ 
servation  shows  that  they  are  most 
abundant  adjacent  to  woodland,  from 
which  they  emerge  in  the  Spring.  Fallen 
leaves  and  rubbish  that  collects  in  such 
places  affords  good  hibernation  quarters. 
The  insect  hibernates  in  the  pupal  form, 
and  they  come  from  their  Winter  resting 
place  about  the  time  the  grape  blooms  as 
very  small  moths.  After  mating  the  eggs 
are  laid  on  the  newly-set  grape  berries. 
The  eggs  hatch  into  small  worms  or 
larvae,  and  these  in  turn  burrow  into  the 
young  berries.  In  the  course  of  time  the 
larvae  get  to  the  moth  stage,  and  a  second 
lot  of  eggs  and  larvae  results.  This  second 
brood  causes  the  injury  that  is  so  appar¬ 
ent  in  August  and  at  harvest  time. 
It  is  obvious  that  if  the  first  brood  of 
larvae  can  be  controlled,  the  infestation 
from  the  second  will  be  materially  re¬ 
duced.  Inasmuch  as  the  overwintering 
pupae  fall  to  the  ground  with  the  leaves 
in  late  season,  it  is  suggested  that  if  the 
leaves  are  deeply  plowed  under  the  num¬ 
ber  of  overwintering  individuals  will  be 
materially  reduced.  However,  it  has  been 
learned  that  thorough  spraying  must  be 
also  done.  Bordeaux  mixture  made  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  8-S-100  formula,  to  which 
is  added  3  lbs.  of  resin  fish  oil  soap  and 
3  lbs.  of  powdered  arsenate  of  lead  ap¬ 
plied  just  previous  to  blooming,  with  a 
second  application  after  the  berries  are 
set.  and  a  third  about  the  middle  of  July, 
will  sufficiently  control  for  all  commercial 
purposes. 
As-  the  moths  of  this  insect  rarely  fly 
during  the  daytime  and  as  they  are  small; 
it  is  doubtful  if  they  be  often  seen. 
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