738 
May  10,  102' 
f<«4ling  wore  tested  for  a  period  of  90  days.  A 
ration  of -shelled  corn,  clover  hay  and  corn  silage 
'fed  twice  daily  proved  the  most  profitable. 
CONTROLLING  STOMACH  WORM;— The  recent 
work  done  by  Prof.  G.  H.  Lamson,  Connecticut  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  is  probably  the  most  vitally  impor¬ 
tant  work  to  sheepmen  that  has  been  done  in  recent 
years.  Prof.  Lamson  has  undoubtedly  found  a  cure 
as  well  as  a  preventive  for  the  dreaded  sheep 
stomach-worm.  This  has  been  accomplished  through 
the  use  of  40  per  cent  nicotine  sulphate  (Black  Leaf 
40).  The  following  dosage  table  for  this  treatment 
is  the  one  used  by  the  Connecticut  Station  with 
si  i  ccessfu  1  results : 
Most  Important. — Keep  animals  .?{  hours  without 
food  precious  to  drenching. 
Strength. — Three  teaspoonfuls  (one-half  ounce)  of 
40  per  cent  nicotine  sulphate  to  one  quart  of  water. 
Stir  well  before  and  while  using.  Give  a  one-ounce 
dose  of  Epsoui  salts  in  water  24  hours  following  treat¬ 
ment. 
"  Factors  to  consider  in  drenching  slice])  and  lambs: 
Age  (a) — Sheep,  one  year  old  or  over,  two  to  four 
ounces  of  above  mixture.  Lambs,  five  months  old  or 
over,  one  to  two  ounces  of  above  mixture. 
Weight  (b) — 100  lbs.  and  over,  two  to  four  ounces 
of  above  mixture.  Under  100  lbs.,  one  to  two  ounces  ol 
above  mixture. 
Condition  (e) — strong,  sheep,  four  ounces;  lambs, 
two  ounces.  Medium,  sheep,  three  ounces;  lambs,  1(4 
ounces.  Weak,  sheep,  two  ounces;  lambs,  one  ounce. 
TABLE  OK  AMOUNT  OK  WATER  AND  40  PER  CENT  NICOTINE 
SULPHATE 
(black  leaf  40) 
Solution  foi 
r  Nu 
nnber  of 
Water 
Sheep 
Lambs 
Nicotine-Sulphate 
s 
16 
1  quart 
16 
32 
1  oz. 
■  32 
64 
2  oz. 
2  quarts 
4S 
96 
3  oz. 
4  quarts 
SO 
160 
5  oz. 
6  quarts 
160 
320 
10  oz. 
10  quarts 
400 
800 
25  oz.‘ 
20  quarts 
50  quarts 
To  find 
t  lie 
number 
of  quarts  of  water 
•  required 
for  any  nu 
mix 
‘\-  of  sheep,  divide  the  numbe 
r  of  sheep 
by  eight,  a 
iiid 
this  will 
give  the  number  of 
quarts  of 
water. 
To  find 
the 
number 
of  quarts  of  water  1 
’or  lambs, 
divide  the 
number  of  lambs  by  16. 
"  To  find 
the 
number 
of  ounces  of  40  per 
cent  nico- 
fine  sulphs 
ite. 
divide  the  number  of  quarts 
of  water 
needed  by 
two. 
Rotation 
1  of 
past  urc 
>  will  be  necessary 
to  com- 
plot  el y  rid 
the 
1  flock  of 
stomach  worms. 
Sheep  a; 
<soc 
iatious  r 
eport  that  the  present  supply 
ef  breeding 
'  e\\ 
•es  is  the 
■  lowest  in  20  years, 
while  the 
demand  for  i 
such  stoi 
•k,  especially  on  the  Pacific 
,  oast,  is  the  greatest  seen  in  double  that  time.  The 
'beep  industry  was  almost  annihilated  during  the 
inflation  period.  We  are  now  witnessing  the  mad 
scramble  to  get  back  in  the  business. 
[PROF.]  RUSSELL  w.  1)UCK, 
Syracuse  University,  New  5  ork. 
Harnessing  An  Open  Spring 
|  Last  year  Mr.  H.  E.  Cox  gave  his  method  of  utiliz¬ 
in'’'  'in  open  spring  so  as  to  make  the  water  available 
suul  at  the  same  time  sanitary.  During  the  year  we 
l,aVe  many  calls  from  people  who  want  to  know  what. 
Uj  do  with  such  springs.  The  advice  by  Mr.  Cox  is  as 
good  as  anything  we  have  seen,  and  it  is  repeated  here 
for  t  lie  benefit  of  now  subscribers  and  old  ones  who 
have  forgotten :] 
AVOIDING  POLLUTION.— I  have  had  so  much 
experience  with  springs  and  have  given  this 
manner  of  obtaining  a  water  supply  so  much  study 
mat  it  seems  strange  that  most  people  who  are  for¬ 
tunate  enough  to  have  springs  on  their  property 
should  still  adhere  to  the  old  and  positively  unsani¬ 
tary  practice  of  using  water  from  an  open  spring,  in 
which  small  animals  often  drown,  and  sometimes 
decay,  before  the  trouble  is  discovered.  These  open 
springs  are  subject  to  many  different  kinds  of  pollu¬ 
tion.  I  am  not  writing  an  advertisement,  but  just 
passing  along  a  good  thing.  That  open  spring  would 
not  lie  where  it  is  if  the  underground  stream  had 
not  met  an  obstruction  that  prevented  its  further 
progress  beneath  the  surface,  and  in  order  to  use 
ibis  spring  it  is  not  at  all  necessary  to  let  it  remain 
•it  that  precise  spot.  hut.  form  an  artificial  outlet  for 
the  water  where  it  is  needed. 
HOW  THE  WORK  IS  DONE. — While  it  is  an 
easy  matter  to  install  this  economical  and  sanitary 
system  of  utilizing  the  spring,  it  is  more  difficult  to 
explain  it,  in  an  understanding  way.  Beginning  at 
Ihe  point  near  the  buildings  where  lhe  water  is 
needed,  dig  a  ditch  or  trench  up  to  and  right  through 
7tx  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
lhe  spring,  and  don't  he  afraid  that,  you  are  going 
to  lose  your  spring.  If  the  spring  is  of  a  considerable 
extent,  it  may  be  necessary  to  dig  some  branches  or 
Vs  through  the  springy  spot.  This  trenching  need 
not:  be  over  2  or  3  ft.  deep,  as  the  running  water 
will  not  freeze.  If  the  bottom  iu  the  spring  tract  is 
soft,  use  hoards  to  lay  the  3-in.  tiles  on.  The  joints 
of  these  tiles  ought  not  to  fit  very  tight.  This  tiling 
should  terminate  right  where  the  hard  ground  that 
caused  the  spring  to  be  here  is  located,  and  through 
w  hich  the  trench  has  been  dug.  These  trenches  over 
the  tile  can  now  be  filled  in  with  a  foot  or  more  of 
gravel,  and  then  completely  filled  with  earth  to  the 
general  surface  level.  Now  this  spot  will  always  be 
dry  land:  and  in  a  short  time  one  would  hot  believe 
that  a  spring  ever  existed  there.  After  the  spring 
water  has  been  running  through  this  gravel  and 
:l/e  system  for  a  short  time,  in  order  to  drive  out 
all  loose  sand  and  silt,  iron  piping  can  he  laid  in 
•the  trench  to  the  buildings,  the  end  at  the  spring 
entering  the  tile"  for  a  few  incites.  Sometimes  I 
place  a  coarse  screen  over  the  end  of  this  pipe, 
but  this  is- not  necessary  if  the  upper  end  of  each 
tile  line  is  covered  carefully  with  a  brick  or  flat 
stone.  Where  the  pipe  enters  the  tile  a  solid  dam  of 
clay  is  p bleed.  That  will  cause  the  water  to  run 
through  the  pipe  line.  Now  we  have  moved  the 
outlet  of  this  Spring  and  "given  if  another  location, 
if  the  flow  from  the  spring  is  of  considerable  vol¬ 
ume.-  an  overflow  can  be  arranged  just  above  the 
place  where  the  pipe  enters  the  tile  by  using  a  Y 
- 
placed  at  a  45-degree  angle,  and  connecting  with 
some  other  drain  or  outlet,  this  to  take  care  of  the 
water  if  it  conies  at  times  faster  than  the  pipe  can 
take  it.  (See  Pi g.  275.) 
PERMANENT  VALUE. — This  is  not  only  a  very 
interesting  work,  hut  when  rightly  done  is  of  great 
value.  I  have  no  patent  on  this  method  of  harness¬ 
ing  up  the  spring,  and  am  willing  to  give  further 
explanation  if  necessary.  With  this  system  the 
spring  cannot  he  fouled,  as  the  water  is  filtered 
through  the  gravel  before  it  enters  the  tiles.  In 
fact,  tt  pure  water  supply  from  this  spring  has  been 
insured  for  all  time,  and  the  spring  tract  rendered  tit 
for  cultivation  or  pasture.  If  the  conditions  permit 
sometimes  I  dig  a  trench  to  take  the  water  from 
the  spring  off  to  one  side  or  away,  so  as  not  to  be 
obliged  to  work  when  the  water  is  running;  and 
after  the  job  is  completed  this  is  all  tilled  in  so  as 
to  throw  all  the  water  back  to  the  tiles  and  pipe. 
A  good  spring  properly  harnessed  up  is  a  valuable 
asset- to  a  farm.  *  *  -  h.  e.  cox.'* 
New"  York. 
Figures  of  “Hogging  Down”  Crops 
WITH  the  shortage  of  farm  labor  has  come,  in 
some  localities,  the  necessity  of  “hogging 
down"  farm  crops.  This  means  growing  corn,  rye, 
wheat  or  clover  in  the  usual  way  and  then  turning 
a  drove  of  hogs  iu  to  harvest  the  crop.  Sometimes 
rape  or  some  similar  crop  will  be  seeded  in  the  corn 
at  the  last  cultivation,  and  all  fed  to  the  hogs.  A 
self-feeder  containing  tankage  is  put  where  the  hogs 
can  go  to  it,  and  water  is  provided.  That  is  all; 
the  hogs  play  the  part  of  liii’ed  man  or  harvester; 
husk,  shell  and  eat  the  corn  and  then  eat  up  most  of 
the  stalk. 
To  an  Eastern  farmer  this  usually  means  a  ter¬ 
rible  waste.  He  thinks  the  corn  must  be  cut,  the 
ears  husked  and  shelled  and  the  grain  and  stalk 
fed  out  by  hand  to  stock.  Does  he  get  full  pay  for 
liis  labor?  Not  always,  and  when  hired  help  is 
scarce  he  cannot  handle  the  feed  properly.  We  have 
all  seen  the  corn  crop,  stalks  and  ears,  rotting  in 
the  field. through  lack  of  time  to  haul  it  In. 
'Plie  Ohio  Experiment  Station  prints  some  figures 
showing  the  cost,  of  "hogging  -.down’’  an  acre  of 
various  crops,’  and  the  gross  and  net  receipts.  They 
are  printed  here.  .The  el  over  gave  a  low  return  on 
.account  of  injury  by  weevil,  ihe  station  people  say 
•  - 
that’a  bushel  of  rye  ground  and  hand  fed  will  make 
nil  ire  pounds  than  when  “hogged  down,'’  hut  it  cost 
59. rents'  a  bushel  to  cut.  thrash. -grind  and  feed  the 
bushel  of  rye.  When  corn  was  “hogged  down''  the 
average  return  per  bushel  was  S3  cents.  Hand 
feeding  brought  96  cents  per  bushel,  hut  husking  and 
hand  feeding  cost  ld'-_,  As  stated,  these  crops 
were  not  fed  alone,  but  tankage  was  put  where  the 
hogs  could  heli>  themselves. 
Corn 
t>v(t  i  ’L  4. 
Worn 
lhge 
Clover 
Man  hours* . . .  . 
.  .  ■  22.5 
20.3 
7.3 
5.6 
Horse  hours  . . 
35.3 
11.0 
Tractor  hours  . 
.  .  1 .5 
0.8 
Labor  cost  . 
.  .  .$16.70 
$1 0.78 
.$  4.88 
$  2.01 
Seed  &  fertilizer  . . . 
. .  .  2.5S 
2.91 
4.39 
*6.6)2 
l  ost  of  tankage  .... 
,  .  .  2.70 
3.00 
2.54 
1 .25 
Pounds  pork  . 
.  ..711.3 
654.6 
296.5 
160.8 
Gross  receipts  . 
.  .$44.46 
$45.82 
$28.90 
$15.67 
Net,  receipts  . 
..  22.4S 
24.13 
1 7.09 
5.79 
*  This  item  include 
■s  corn  fed. 
The  Moon  and  Farming 
I  have  a  gardener  who  has  many  superstitions  about 
planting  seeds.  He  says  certain  seeds  must  be  planted 
“in  the  full  of  the  moon”  or  they  will  not  grow.  Is 
there  any  truth  in  this?  What  can  1  do  about  it  when 
a  man  persists  in  such  beliefs?  h.  a.  g. 
A  EE  you  can  do  is  to  be  a  philosopher  and  let  this 
man  enjoy  his  superstition.  We  believe  there 
is  nothing  whatever  in  this  moon  theory.  Such  ex¬ 
periments  as  are  on  record  prove  nothing,  and  we 
Mould  pay  no  attention  whatever  to  the  man  if  we 
found  the  soil  ready  for  planting.  At  the  same  time, 
w  e  find  that  some  worthy  people  fully  believe  in  this 
moon  theory  and  practice  it.  They  often  raise  good 
crops,  and  so  do  those  who  laugh  at  the  idea.  We 
never  argue  with  the  moon  planters.  What’s  the 
use?  Neither  of  11s  can  offer  any  scientific  proof 
that  the  other  is  all  wrong.  Tf  we  worked  with  a 
man  who  believed  in  (liis  theory  we  should  let  him 
practice  it  if  possible.  The  psychological  effect 
would  be  good.  Every  man  does  better  and  has 
more  spirit  in  big  work  when  he  actually  feels  that 
the  forces  of  nature  are  favoring  him. 
Imported  Rabbits  in  Maryland 
Our  attention  has  been  called  to  an  article  which  ap¬ 
peared  in  your  good  paper  on  page  594  of  a  recent  issue, 
relative  to  jackrabbits  being  liberated  in  Worcester 
County  by  Deputy  Game  Warden  Charles  E.  Hill,  which 
was  an  abstract  taken  from  the  Baltimore  Neics.  The 
News  is  in  error  when  they  say  we  liberated  jack- 
rabbits  in  Worcester  or  any  other  county  in  this  State, 
and  we  thought  best  to  give  you  this  information,  since 
your  article  severely  criticized  the  department  in  propa¬ 
gating  this  species  of  game.  We  have  never  purchased 
a  jackrabbit  nor  would  we  accept  one  gratis,  under  any 
circumstances.  4  lie  rabbits  which  we  imported  from 
Kansas  and  Missouri  were  cottontails;  the  same  species 
which  inhabit  the  covers  of  this  Slate.  Out  of  an  order 
of  6,050  we  only  received  around  400  this  season. 
E.  LEE  LE  COMPTE, 
State  Game  Warden. 
R.  N.-Y. — We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  jackrabbits 
will  be  kept  out  of  Maryland.  They  have  no  business 
in  a  fruit-growing  State. 
The  Cost  of  Slackers  and  Drones 
During  the  past  year  I  have  talked  with  a  number 
of  men  who  worked  for  me  years  past  on  the  farm. 
These  men  are  now  working  in  other  industries,  and 
1  hey  are  now  all  working  an  eight-hour  day,  and  some 
have  asked  for  a  six-hour  day.  These  men  tell  me  that 
either  there  is  no  real  work  to  the  job  they  have,  or 
else  that  there  are  from  four  to  six  men  doing  the  worl: 
that  one  man  used  to  do  alone. 
Now  the  information  1  want  is  ibis:  IIow  can  I  .... 
manage  that  I  can  hire  a  crew  of  men  at  the  wages 
the  industries  pay  and  on  a  six  or  an  eight-hour  day, 
with  the  men  .working  a  fourth  or  a  sixth  of  their 
capacity  while  working,  that  I  can  raise  crops  and  sell 
ai  average  prices,  and  after  paying  the  hired  help, 
taxes,  insurance,  depreciation,  interest,  etc.,  have  suffi¬ 
cient  left  to  pay  myself  a  reasonable  amount  for  my 
own  time  as  owner,  manager  and  superintendent,  the 
same  amount  that  the  same  degree  of  time,  labor,  skill, 
etc.,  would  give  me  in  the  industries?  p.  e.  lee. 
Maine. 
Yrou  simply  cannot  do  it.  We  have  many  reports 
from  men  engaged  in  Government  work  and  on  large 
contract  work.  In  every  case  they  report  that  two  men 
working  as  they  ought  to  can  easily  do  the  fork  for 
which  three  are  now  paid.  The  cost  of  carrying  and 
paying  shirkers  and  slackers  in  all  the  big  industries 
is  awful  and,  as  usual,  it  is  finally  paid  by  the  farmer. 
The  Market  for  Rye  Straw 
In  reading  your  market  quotations  I  notice  that  rye 
straw  is  bringing  comparatively  good  prices,  and  always 
seems  to  be  in  demand.  Who  is  buying  it,  and  what  is 
it  used  for?  Is  it  being  sold  unthrashed  in  the  sheaf, 
or  baled?  Is  Spring  and  Fall  rye  of  the  same  value? 
Canastota,  N.  Y.  h.  g. 
There  has  evidently  been  a  decrease  iu  production  of 
rye  straw,  at  least  in  some  of  our  Eastern  States  where 
straight  rye  straw  is  marketed,  and  as  the  industrial 
conditions  have  improved  there  has  been  an  increased 
demand,  causing  comparatively  high  prices.  Practically 
all  the  rye  straw  sold  on  the  New  York  and  Philadelphia 
markets  is  bought  for  bedding  purposes,  rye  straw  being 
cleaner  than  other  straw.  It  is  also  cheaper  when  it  is 
taken  into  consideration  that  it  can  be  used  for  bedding 
purposes  several  times  if  properly  bandied.  For  manu¬ 
facturing  purposes  rye  straw  is  shipped  direct  from  the 
field  of  production  and  is  used  in  the  making  of  card¬ 
board,  paper,  horse-collars,  shingles,  etc.  It  is  also 
used  in  New  Jersey  and  probably  in  other  Eastern 
States  for  protection  to  shrubbery,  mats  for  hotbeds  and 
packing  sheets  for  demijohns,  carboys  and  for  various 
other  purposes.  Another  factor  causing  a  good  market 
for  straight  rye  straw  is  the  limited  amount  in  the 
United  States  that  is  thrashed  in  such  a  manner  that  it 
can  be  baled  as  straight  rye  straw,  this  method  being 
more  expensive  than  that  used  in  the  Middle  West. 
Middle  Western  straw  brings  but  little  more  than  wheat 
and  oat  straw.  Conditions  at  the  time  of  harvest  also 
have  some  influence  on  the  market,  wet  weather  or  high 
winds  causing  a  larger  percentage  of  tangled  straw,  and 
a  decrease  in  the  amount  of  straight  rye  straw  available. 
Most  of  tbe  straw  is  marketed  in  bales,  although  a  little 
is  sold  locally  in  New  Jersey  in  sheaves.  There  is  no 
Spring  rye  straw  to  speak  of.  It  looks  as  though  there 
would  be  more  rye  straw  for  the  market  from  New  Jer¬ 
sey  next  season  than  rhere  was  last  year.  b.  w.  8, 
