•the  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
747 
RURALISMS 
Killing  the  Cabbage  Maggot 
Bulletin  413,  from  Cornell  University, 
gives  a  discussion  of  the  cabbage  maggot 
and  methods  of  control.  Every  year  we 
have  many  questions  about  this  maggot, 
and  also  the  maggot  which  works  on  rad¬ 
ishes.  In  a  good  many  gardens  it  is 
evident  that  this  insect  causes  trouble. 
Prof.  Herrick,  in  the  bulletin  above  men¬ 
tioned,  states  that  a  .solution  of  corrosive 
sublimate  sprinkled  along  the  ground  near 
the  roots  of  the  plant  will  destroy  this 
insect.  What  is  known  as  corrosive  sub¬ 
limate  is  also  known  as  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury.  It  is  a  heavy  white  powder, 
which  may  cause  death  to  human  beings 
when  taken  in  large  doses.  It  will  also 
burn  or  bite  the  skin,  especially  where 
there  are  wounds  on  the  hand  or  other 
parts  of  the  body  which  it  touches.  It 
is  quite  often  used  for  treating  potato 
seed  for  scab  and  other  diseases.  It  has 
the  advantage  over  formalin  in  the  fact 
that  the  corrosive  sublimate  will  not  only 
kill  the  germs  of  scab,  but  of  one  or  two 
other  diseases  as  wTell.  When  used,  a 
portion  of  it  is  generally  dissolved  in  a 
quantity  of  hot  water,  and  then  enough 
more  water  is  added  to  make  the  required 
strength.  It  should  not  be  handled  in 
metal  packages,  but  glass,  earthenware 
or  wooden  vessels  are  much  better.  It 
may  be  bought  in  the  form  of  small  tab¬ 
lets  where  only  a  little  of  it  is  needed. 
The  general  dose  is  one  ounce  of  the  cor¬ 
rosive  sublimate  to  eight  gallons  of  water. 
The  solution  is  used  by  pouring  it  or 
spraying  it  on  the  ground  and  around 
the  roots  of  the  plant.  The  strong  solu¬ 
tion,  when  put  on  the  leaves  of  the  plant, 
may  cause  trouble,  but  when  put  on  the 
stem  or  in  the  ground  around  the  roots 
no  injury  will  result.  When  a  solution 
of  this  strength  is  poured  along  the  row 
or  around  the  roots  of  the  individual 
plant,  the  maggots  are  destroyed,  and 
this  seems  to  be  the  best  remedy,  es¬ 
pecially  for  garden  use.  The  maggot 
works  on  radish,  cabbage,  (cauliflower 
and  turnips,  and  it  is  well  for  "the  gar¬ 
dener  to  add  this  remedy  to  his  list.  On 
a  large  scale  one  would  need  some  special 
appliance  in  order  to  use  this  remedy  ef¬ 
fectively. 
Canker  on  Apple  Trees 
What  can  be  done  to  prevent  or  cure 
canker  on  apple  trees  or  other  fruit  trees? 
Is  it  contagious,  and  can  it  be  spread  in 
an  orchard  by  using  tools  on  other  trees 
after  using  them  on  affected  trees?  What 
varieties  of  apple  trees  would  you  advise 
planting  in  this  part  of  Pennsylvania 
(Adams  County)  upon  which  to  graft 
Grimes  Golden?  J.  E.  M. 
The  measures  to  be  adopted  in  pre¬ 
venting  or  curing  cankers  and  the  dan¬ 
gers  of  infection  from  pruning  tools  de¬ 
pend  upon  the  type  of  cankers  in  ques¬ 
tion.  If  they  are  caused  by  Winter  in¬ 
jury,  for  example,  there  is  little  that 
can  be  done  to  prevent  them,  and  there 
is  no  danger  from  infection  and  no  reason 
for  cutting  them  out,  because  there  is  no 
disease-producing  organism  present.  On 
the  other  hand,  cankers  due  to  pear 
blight  are  serious  sources  of  infection, 
and  all  tools  and  wounds  should  be  dis¬ 
infected  after  each  cut  is  made.  There 
are  still  other  agents  causing  cankers 
which  are  not  readily  transmitted  in  prun¬ 
ing.  One  must  know  the  nature  of  the 
canker  before  he  can  say  whether  or  not 
it  will  be  spread  in  the  orchard  by  prun¬ 
ing  tools,  and  what  can  be  done  to  con¬ 
trol  it.  Generally  speaking,  it  is  the 
practice  to  cut  out  cankers  and  so  elimi¬ 
nate  a  source  of  infection  when  the 
cankers  in  question  are  due  to  some  or¬ 
ganism. 
Reports  from  your  section  have  shown 
that  Grimes  Golden  does  well  on  both 
Paragon  and  Tolman  Sweet ;  much  bet¬ 
ter,  in  fact,  than  on  Wolf  River  and  on 
usual  nursery  stocks.  I  presume  that 
you  have  in  mind  guarding  against  collar 
rot,  a  form  of  injury  to  which  the  Grimes 
is  particularly  susceptible.  H.  b.  t. 
Old-fashioned  Songs  of  a  House 
and  Garden,  by  Florence  Van  Fleet  Ly¬ 
man,  is  an  attractive  little  volume  of 
tuneful  verse,  full  of  the  feeling  that  ap¬ 
peals  to  those  who  love  home  and  flowers. 
Many  of  the  poems  appeared  in  the  Spring- 
field  Republican  and  the  Boston  Tran¬ 
script,  before  their  inclusion  in  this  vol¬ 
ume.  They  possess  an  added  interest  for 
R.  N.-Y.  readers,  as  Mrs.  Lyman  is  a  sis¬ 
ter  of  the  late  Dr.  Walter  Van  Fleet,  as¬ 
sociated  with  us  editorially  some  years 
ago.  The  poems  show  a  real  poetic  gift, 
and  a  love  of  those  forces  of  nature  which 
also  inspired  Dr.  Van  Fleet  in  his  work. 
l"M’  —  . .  -  V> 
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OrganizediCo-operaflon 
A  NEW  BOOK 
By  JOHN  J.  DILLON 
This  book  is  written  in  three 
parts. 
PART  ONE.— The  Develop¬ 
ment  of  the  Agricultural  Indus¬ 
try.  In  five  chapters. 
PART  TWO.  —  Fundamental 
Principles  and  Adaptable  Forms 
of  Co-operative  Organization.  In 
ten  chapters. 
PART  THREE.  —  Application 
of  Co-operation  to  Efficient  and 
Economic  Distribution  of  Farm 
Products.  In  seven  chapters. 
This  is  a  new  treatment  of  the 
co-operative  subject.  Heretofore 
writers  of  books  have  contented 
themselves  with  accounts  of  co¬ 
operative  work  where  established. 
It  has  been  mostly  propaganda 
and  exhortation.  This  was  all 
good  in  its  time.  But  we  have 
grown  beyond  it.  Farmers  are 
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Once  shy  of  it,  they  are  at  last  a 
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seriously  treating  the  subject  of 
organized  co-operation. 
Bound  in  Cloth 
Price  $1.00 
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