848 
Ttx  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
June  16,  lu.Io 
Horticultural  Notes 
The  Strawberry  Root-worm 
Would  you  inform  mo  as  to  accom¬ 
panying  bugs  or  weevils?  I  never  saw 
them  before,  but  they  are  ruining  my 
bed  of  strawberries,  taking  the  rows 
clean  from  outside  of  field,  eating  leaf 
buds  and  heart.  On  one  side  of  field  just 
a  few  stems  are  left.  I  can  find  nothing 
else,  only  one  lone  grasshopper  and  one 
of  these  bugs.  On  the  other  side  of  the 
field  these  bugs  are  thick,  thousands  of 
them ;  they  have  eaten  holes  in  leaves, 
but  not  the  buds  and  heart,  as  yet.  Can 
it  be  the  same  thing  on  both  sides?  I 
have  not  dared  to  set  out  a  new  field, 
as  I  was  afraid  they  would  be  infested 
another  year  and  my  work  all  for  noth¬ 
ing.  I  am  quite  a  large  grower  of  straw¬ 
berries  and  this  means  everything  to  me. 
I  have  another  bed  not  infested  a  short 
distance  away,  but  as  these  bugs  fly  am 
afraid  they  will  find  them.  What  would 
you  advise?  This  bed  of  berries  infested 
the  soil.  The  eggs  hatch  into  tiny  white 
grubs  that  feed  upon  the  fine  roots  of 
the  plants,  and  when  abundant  enough 
destroy  the  root-system.  The  injury  is 
sometimes  severe,  for  the  infested  plants 
wilt  and  die  during  hot  dry  weather. 
As  a  result  of  the  feeding  habits  of 
the  beetles  this  pest  should  be  effectually 
controlled  by  thorough  dusting  of  the 
plants  before  they  come  into  full  bloom 
with  powdered  arsenate  of  lead.  The 
poison  may  be  mixed  with  sulphur  at 
the  rate  of  1  lb.  of  the  former  to  5  lbs. 
of  the  later.  If  sulphur  is  not  available 
the  arsenate  of  lead  may  be  diluted  with 
hydrated  lime,  one  part  to  four  or  five 
parts  of  lime.  Probably  two  dustings, 
a  week  or  10  days  apart,  will  be  neces¬ 
The  Story  of  the  Beurre  Bose  Pear 
QUITE  aside  from  the  excellent  qualities  of  the  fruit,  a  discussion 
of  Beurre  Bose  is  of  value  for  what  the  name  itself  contributes 
to  an  understanding  of  the  European  method  of  naming  pears.  It 
was  the  custom  in  France  and  Belgium  a  century  ago,  when  interest  in 
new  varieties  of  pears  was  intense,  and  literally  scores  of  new  sorts  were 
being  named  each  year,  to  use  a  binomial  or  two-name  system  of  nomen¬ 
clature.  The  first  name  referred  to  a  characteristic  of  the  fruit,  and 
the  second  had  reference  to  the  origin  of  the  variety.  In  the  ease  of 
BeurrG  Bose,  the  first  word,  beurre,”  is  translated  “buttery,”  and 
refers  to  the  quality  of  the  flesh,  while  the  second  word,  "Bose,’  refers 
to  the  man  for  whom  it  was  named. 
It  is  interesting  to  note,  then,  that  Beurre  Bose  has  also  been  termed 
Calebasse  Bose,  “calebasse”  again  referring  to  the  characteristic  of  the 
fruit,  and  meaning  “gourd-shaped,”  and  the  “Bose”  once  more  referring 
to  origin.  While  another  and  still  the  accepted  name  on  the  Continent 
is  BeurrG  d’Apremont,  which,  analyzed  as  before,  indicates  a  buttery 
pear  having  the  French  town,  Apremont,  associated  with  its  origin. 
Thus  it  is  that  so  many  pears  of  foreign  origin  bear  names  consisting 
of  two  words,  the  first  an  adjective  describing  the  fruit  and  the  second 
a  proper  name  relating  to  origin. 
In  America  the  story  has  been  offered  and  repeatedly  reeopied  that 
Beurre  Bose  was  raised  from  seed  about  1S07  by  Dr.  Van  Mons  of 
Louvain,  Belgium,  and  named  by  him  Calebasse  Bose  after  M.  Bose,  the' 
renowned  director  of  the  Paris  Botanical  Garden.  Yet  European 
authorities  have  almost  unanimously  agreed  that  Van  Mons  had  nothing 
to  do  with  it,  but  that  Beurre  Bose  was  found  about  1S30  as  a  very  old 
seedling  tree  growing  in  the  town  of  Apremont,  France,  h.v  M.  Madiot, 
director  of  a  French  nursery,  lienee  the  name  ReurrG  d’Apremont.  Con¬ 
fusion  has  evidently  arisen  from  the  fact  that  there  is  a  variety.  Calc 
basse  Bose,  which,  it  is  said,  Dr.  Van  Mons  found  as  a  seedling  in  Bel¬ 
gium  and  distributed!  about  1819.  It  is  impossible  at  this  late  date  to 
straighten  out  the  matter  definitely,  and  one  may  safely  choose  either 
the  name  BeurrG  Bose,  Calebasse  Bose,  or  BeurrG  d’Apremont,  and 
state  the  origin  as  either  French  or  Belgian,  and  stoutly  defend  his 
choice.  The  year  1832  or  1833  saw  the  introduction  of  scions  to  this 
country,  which  first  fruited  in  1836. 
The  Bose,  as  it  is  most  commonly  called,  is  one  of  the  finest  of 
dessert  pears,  and  some  will  give  it  unqualified  first  rank.  In  quality 
it  is  rated  “very  good  to  best,”  and  with  additional  merits  of  large  size, 
pleasing  shape,  and  attractive  coloring  it  unquestionably  merits  consid¬ 
eration  for  all-around  supremacy  among  the  dessert  pears.  The  shape 
is  regularly  pyriform,  tapering  evenly  and  gradually  towards  the  stem, 
and  the  color  is  rich  cinnamon-russet  over  deep  yellow.  The  season  is 
October  and  November,  when  its  white,  melting  flesh,  very  buttery, 
juicy,  and  deliciously  flavored,  is  all  that  could  be  asked. 
The  tree,  unfortunately,  is  not  so  good  as  might  be  hoped.  In  the 
nursery  it  does  not  make  a  vigorous  growth,  and  for  the  first  few  years 
in  the  orchard  it  does  not  thrive  overly  well.  But  give  it  time  and  it 
will  produce  a  large,  healthy  tree  with  ample,  large  and  glossy  foliage, 
and  bear  regularly  and  abundantly.  The  fruit  is  borne  singly  rather 
than  in  clusters,  and  is  well  distributed  over  the  tree — a  natural  thin¬ 
ning  process  that  has  much  to  do  with  the  excellent  development  of  the 
individual  fruits.  Moreover,  the  pears  hang  tenaciously.  The  tree  should 
he  double-worked  for  dwarfing  purposes,  for  it  does  not  grow  well  on 
the  quince.  Where  blight  is  not  too  serious  or  where  it  can  be  controlled, 
and  where  Winters  are  not  too  severe,  BeurrG  Rose  is  being,  and  should 
be,  more  extensively  planted.  h.  b.  t. 
has  never  fruited  before,  but  is  near 
shanty  where  we  crate,  and  I  have  used 
crates  from  New  Jersey  and  Southern 
States.  Sometimes  the  old  baskets  are 
in  them.  Would  they  come  from  these 
old  crates?  M.  E.  C. 
Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 
The  “weevils”  you  sent  prove  to  be 
the  adult  beetles  of  the  “strawberry  root- 
worm”  (Paria  canella),  a  pest  of  straw¬ 
berries  that  is  found  across  the  whole  of 
the  United  States  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific. 
The  tiny  reddish  to  black  beetles,  only 
about  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  length, 
appear  in  the  'Spring  of  the  year,  in  May 
in  New  York,  sometimes  in  great  num¬ 
bers,  and  begin  feeding  on  the  foliage 
of  the  strawberry,  soon  riddling  the 
leaves  with  many  small  holes.  This  is 
the  visible  part  of  the  injury  caused  by 
this  insect,  but  there  is  another  type  of 
invisible  injury  on  the  roots  of  the  plants 
that  is  really  worse.  The  beetles  soon 
lay  their  small  cream-colored  eggs  in  the 
crowns  of  the  plants  and  in  devices  of 
sary.  Then  later,  after  the  harvest,  if 
the  beetles  appear  in  numbers  the  plants 
may  be  dusted  again.  With  thorough 
work  in  dusting  the  beetles  should  be 
brought  under  control. 
GLEXN  W.  HEBKICK. 
Various  Garden  Notes 
I  have  no  doubt  that  you,  like  myself, 
are  interested  in  anything  that  will  aid 
in  the  matter  of  growing  a  good  garden 
at  home.  I  am  therefore  sending  you  a 
photo  showing  my  method  of  marking  out 
rhe  rows  iu  the  garden,  as  soou  as  I 
have  made  a  straight  one  at  one  side. 
This  light  cross  bar,  which  rests  on 
the  horizontal  iron  traps  extending  from 
the  center  of  the  large  wheel  backward 
to  the  iron  uprights  which  support  the. 
handles,  is  4%  ft.  in  length,  is  marked 
off  in  sections  of  six  in.  each,  and  is 
tied  with  a  small  cord  to  the  uprights. 
This  crossbar,  has  a  3  or  4-in.  pointer 
extending  downward,  and  placed  to  the 
right  at  the  distance  from  the  rim  of  the 
large  wheel  where  the  rows  are  to  be 
made.  By  pushing  the  wheel  forward 
in  the  first  row.  the  projecting  marker 
shows  where  the  wheel  is  to  run  to  make 
the  next  row.  In  this  way,  it  takes  a 
very  short  time  to  do  all  the  marking  and 
furrowing  of  the  desired  depth  of  the 
furrows  for  planting  without  the  use  of  a 
line. 
In  order  to  mix  rotted  manure  in  the 
furrows  so  made,  as  ’.veil  as  to  lime  the 
soil  and  make  a  smooth,  even  surface  in 
which  to  drop  the  seed  that  is  to  be  cov¬ 
ered  at  a  uniform  depth,  varying  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  size  of  the  seed,  I  use  a  soil 
pulverizer  consisting  of  three  12  to  14-in. 
window  weights  which  are  woven  to¬ 
gether  near  the  ends.  To  one  end  a  6  to 
8-ft.  small  rope  or  cord  is  fastened.  Then 
by  walking  astride  and  hauling  the  pul- 
The  Wheel  Hoe  as  a  Marker 
verizer  two  or  more  times  in  the  row,  if 
the  soil  is  quite  dry,  it  will  be  well  fitted 
for  planting  the  small  seeds. 
For  covering  the  smallest  seed  I  have 
found  nothing  better  than  an  old  broom 
that  is  usually  thrown  away.  In  order 
to  cover  the  smallest  seeds,  I  stand 
astride  of  the  row  and  move  backward, 
using  the  heel  of  the  broom  to  cover  the 
small  seeds,  and  then  turn  the  broom  on 
the  side,  making  a  clean,  nice  job  of  it. 
When  planting  peas  and  sweet  corn 
and  using  the  hand  plow  to  open  the  fur¬ 
row  by  going  and  returning.  I  use  the  pul¬ 
verizer  and  evener,  which  is  made  of  the 
three  window  sash  weights,  before  drop¬ 
ping  the  sweet  corn  and  peas.  In  drop- 
ing  so  as  to  avoid  trouble  in  thinning  it 
out  later,  I  drop  two  kernels,  place  the 
heel  of  my  No.  9  shoe  firmly  on  these, 
and  before  moving  my  foot  drop  two 
more  at  the  toe  of  my  shoe,  and  proceed 
as  rapidly  as  possible.  This  is  proving 
to  be  a  very  satisfactory  way. 
Virginia.  wm.  M.  king. 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER,  JUNE  16,  1923 
FARM  TOPICS 
Growing  Cow  Peas  and  Soy  Beans ....  846,  847 
The  Blight-proof  Potato .  847 
What  Cash  Crop  on  Rich  Land .  847 
Saving  Bulky  Barns  by  Baling .  847 
Experience  with  Salt .  1 
Burdock  and  Ragweed . •  ••  850 
An  Enthusiastic  Old  Farm  Boy .  854 
LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY 
Handling  Family  Cow . 860 
More  Protein  Needed .  860 
Feeding  Brood  Sow  and  Pigs .  860 
THE  HENYARD 
The  Story  of  the  South  Shore  Soft  Roast¬ 
ers,  Part  II  . 845, 
Egg-laying  Contest  . . 
Substitute  for  Sour  Milk . 
Constipated  Chicks  . . . 
Chicks  Die  in  Shell . 
Care  of  Baby  Chicks  . . 
Tough  Poultry  . 
Cooked  Beans  for  Poultry  . 
Blackhead;  Laying  Ration  . 
White  Diarrhoea  . 
Injury  to  Oviduct  . 
HORTICULTURE 
New  England  Notes  . 
Puddled  Clay  for  Aquatic  Garden . 
Selling  Flowers  . 
Beautifying  an  Old  Graveyard . 
Notes  on  Propagation  . 
WOMAN  AND  HOME 
Has  the  Quality  of  Flour  Changed . 
Philadelphia  Pepperpot  . . 
From  Day  to  Day . 
The  Rural  Patterns . 
Cotton  Sacks  Are  Moth-proof . 858 
Laeet  Design  in  Crochet . 
Laying  Linoleum  . 
What  I  Found  Out  Abo:  Pressure  Can. 
ning  . 
Rhubarb  and  Prune  Conserve  .  . . 
MISCELLANEOUS 
An  Experience  with  Pheasants . 
Another  Pugnacious  Pheasant . 
Wrigglers  in  Well  Water . 
Preparing  Butterflies  for  Shipment  . . . 
More  About  Basket  Splints . 
Value  of  Printed  Stationery  for  Farmers.. 
County  Scenes  . 
How  Snow  Rollers  Are  Formed . 
Cemetery  Laws  . . . 
Assessment  for  Upkeep  of  Cemetery . 
The  School  Bill  and  Its  Discussion,  Part 
IV  . 
Arbitrary  Power  Under  School  Law . 
Th«  Repeal  of  the  Mullan-Gage  Law . 
Countrywide  Produce  Situation 
846 
862 
862 
862 
862 
862 
862 
864 
864 
864 
864 
84S 
849 
854 
855 
855 
853 
853 
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859 
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851 
851 
851 
851 
853 
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855 
857 
857 
857 
864 
D\  Galvanized  fToncan 
7-AJWAU 
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CORN  HARVESTER 
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models.  One  Horse.  Carries  to  shock.  Big  labor 
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Also  Metal  wheels  for  any 
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Agents  Wanted. 
Write  for  catalog. 
BENNETT  MEG.  CO.,  Box  104,  Westerville,  O. 
Berry  Plants 
Vegetable  Roots 
Vegetable  Plants 
Flower  Plants 
Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Dew¬ 
berry,  Blackberry,  Loganberry, 
Gooseberry,  Currant,  Grace 
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Hop,  Horseradish 
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Hollyhock,  Can  ter  bn  i  y 
Hells,  Foxglove,  Sweet  Vi  il- 
liam,  Poppy,  Phlox  and 
other  perennials  ;  Pansv, 
Aster,  Columbine,  Salvia,  Snapdragon,  Zinnia  and  other 
annuals;  Roses,  Shrubs.  Catalog  free. 
HARRY  L.  SQUIRES  -  Hampton  Bays,  N.  Y. 
PLANTS 
CAULIFLOWER  &  PEPPER. 
TOMATO  AND  B.  SPROUTS 
SWEET  POTATO . 
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Catalog  Free. 
SENT  BY  EXPRESS 
OR  PARCEL  POST 
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12  50 
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3.50 
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SAVE  PACKAGE  COSTS 
FIRST  CLASS  SECOND¬ 
HAND  C  A  1C  U1  KBs.  Peach 
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Crates, Baskets, EggCases.  Bask¬ 
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FOR  SALE 
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S.  A.  SMITH  &  SON  -  Geneva,  N.  Y. 
5,000,000 
Cabbage,  Tomato 
Cauliflower  Plants 
Send  for  Free  Price  List  of  all  Vegetable  Plants. 
PAUL  F.  ROCHELLE  Drawer  269  Morristown,  N.  J. 
MILLIONS  “  Frost  Proof  ”  CABBAGE  PLANTS 
Copenhagen,  Wakefields,  Succession,  &c.  300— SI  ; 
500— $1.25;  1,000— $2.25.  mailed  prepaid.  Expressed, 
10,000— $15.  Tomato  and  Sweet  potato  plants.  300— 
$1.50;  500— $2  ;  1,000 — S3,  Prepaid.  Expressed,  10,000 
$20,  Cash.  Don’t  take  chances.  Order  from  largest  grow¬ 
ers  in  Virginia.  GUARANTEED  SAFE  ARRIVAL  ANYWHERE  OR  MONEY 
REFUNDED.  J.  p.  COUNCILL  COMPANY  Franklin,  Virginia 
CABBAGE  AND  TOMATO  PLANTS 
FIELD  GROWN  ;  ANY  VARIETY  AND  QUANTITY 
300 — 75c;  500 — $1.25;  1,000 — $2,  Postpaid.  Deduct  50c 
on  the  thousand  by  express.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or 
money  refunded.  RIVERSIDE  PLANT  FARM.  Franklin,  i  a. 
For  Sale— Danish  &  Early  Cabbage  Plants  £^.'.8 
Seed.  $2  per  Thousand.  0.  J.  STAFFORD,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 
TOMATO  PLANTS— Ready  May  25.  $1.98  per  1 .000 
CABBAGE  PLANTS  “  “  20.  1.75  “  " 
ASTER  PLANTS  “  “  25.  75c  “  100 
DAHLIA  ROOTS,  $1  per  Doz.  All  Plants  P.  Paid. 
DAVID  KODAVAY  -  Hartly,  Delaware 
4,000,000  SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS 
Yellow  Jersey,  Gold  Skin,  Big  Leaf  Up  River,  Red  Nanse- 
mond,  at  SI  .60  per  1,000.  C.E.  BROWN.  Hridgevill,  llelaaare 
VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  PLANTS 
Tomato  and  Sweet  Potato,  red  and  yellow,  100— 45c,  600 — 
$2:  1.000— $S.  Asters,  mixed  colors,  1  doz. — 50c;  100— 05c ; 
600—  *2.50.  Postpaid.  Cat.  Free.  W  S.  FORD  S  SON,  Hartly.  Del 
4,000,000  Sweet  Potato  Plants  cabbage. 
Tomato,  Pepper  and  other  vegetable  plants.  Red  skin  and 
superb  potato  seed  :  small  size,  at  $1  per  bn. ;  large  size 
at  $1.60  per  bn.  Canna  Roots.  All  line  stock.  Catalogue 
free.  M.  X.  BOll GO  .  Vineland,  X .  J. 
