The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
875 
New  England  Notes 
Black  Leaf  40  for  Siieep. — What¬ 
ever  criticisms  may  be  made  against  to¬ 
bacco  and  its  use,  the  fact  remains  that 
it  is  proving  of  growing  value  in  many 
branches  of  farming.  Liquid  nicotine, 
especially  that  brand  known  as  Black 
Leaf  40,  has  become  almost  indispensable 
in  fighting  plant  lice,  being  more,  satisfac¬ 
tory  than  tobacco  dust  because  it  can  be 
sprayed  on  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves, 
where  these  pests  always  collect.  Now 
Prof.  G.  H.  Sampson,  .Tr.,  of  Storrs  Agri¬ 
cultural  Experiment  Station,  has  made 
announcement  that  Black  Leaf  40  is  a 
very  effective  remedy  for  stomach  worms 
in  sheep.  Copper  sulphate,  which  has 
been  used  in  the  past,  is  more  difficult 
to  obtain,  besides  being  more  expensive. 
Furthermore  it  has  after  effects  that  last 
longer  than  those  of  nicotine.  Prof.  Samp¬ 
son  advocates  using  three  teaspoonsful 
of  Black  Leaf  40,  which  is  equivalent  to 
one-half  ounce  of  nicotine  sulphate,  to  one 
quart  of  water.  The  mixture  should  be 
stirred  well,  even  while  being  used.  Four 
ounces  of  the  diluted  solution  is  given  as 
the  right  amount  for  a  mature  rugged 
sheep  weighing  100  lbs.  One  to  three 
ounces  would  be  enough  for  smaller  sheep, 
and  from  one  to  two  ounces  for  lambs 
five  months  old  or  over.  Care  must  be 
taken  to  have  the  amounts  correct. 
The  New  Range  Hopper.— Poultry- 
men  will  be  interested  in  a  new  hopper 
which  has  been  designed  at  Amherst, 
Polluted  Well 
The  following  problem  is  probably  one 
that  is  out  of  the  usual  line  presented  to 
you,  but  you  may  have  had  some  experi¬ 
ence  in  handling  a  similar  situation.  The 
water  supply  for  the  house  is  a  fine  well, 
situated  about  50  ft.  from  the  barn,  be¬ 
tween  the  barn  and  a  brook.  The  barn 
is  on  a  side  hill,  and  the  well  is  on  the 
down  side.  A  short  time  ago  a  concrete 
cistern  was  built  back  of  the  barn  to  take 
the  urine  from  the  cows  and  store  same 
until  such  time  as  wanted  on  the  fields. 
The  concrete  was  apparently  rather  por¬ 
ous,  for  the  urine  seems  to  have  perco¬ 
lated  through  the  cistern  and  found  its 
way  into  the  well.  Analysis  of  the  water 
indicated  that  it  is  badly  polluted.  The 
cistern  has  been  emptied  and  rebuilt, 
using  a  waterproof  layer  of  felt  and  mor¬ 
tar  on  the  inside  and  then  a  6-in.  course 
of  concrete,  1 :2 :4  mix,  inside  of  this. 
Chloride  of  lime  solution  was  poured  into 
the  well  water  and  the  well  was  pumped 
out.  This  was  done  three  times  to  insure 
disinfection.  Do  you  think  it  will  be  safe 
to  use  this  water  for  drinking  again,  and 
if  not,  can  you  suggest  a  way  to  remedy 
the  situation?  p.  w.  t. 
Wellesley  Farms.  Mass. 
If  a  second  analysis  of  the  well  water, 
made  after  the  barn  cistern  was  water¬ 
proofed  and  the  soil  outside  had  had  time 
to  free  itself  from  pollution,  shows  ab¬ 
sence  of  suspicious  organic  matter,  the 
evidence  would  seem  to  be  pretty  clear 
Mr.  Dwight  Graves,  of  Steuben  County, 
his  gobbler,  which ■  mothered  and  raised 
to  be  something  of  a  philosopher  as  ic  ell 
Mass.  This  hopper  is  intended  for  poul¬ 
try  on  range,  where  constant  attention  is 
not  readily  given.  The  hopper  is  5  ft. 
long,  and  so  arranged  that  mash  may  be 
obtained  at  one  side  and  scratch  feed  on 
the  other.  There  is  feeding  space  for  150 
birds.  Moreover,  it  is  so  constructed  that 
there  is  practically  no  waste,  and  it  can 
be  adjusted  for  chickens  as  they  grow  in 
size.  Prof.  .T.  C.  Graham,  the  head  of  the 
poultry  department,  evidently  considers 
the  new  hopper  especially  valuable,  for 
he  calls  it  the  most  important  piece  of 
equipment,  next  to  the  growing  coop,  for 
the  country  range.  The  growing  coop 
itself  is  another  furnishing  in  which  poul¬ 
try  keepers  having  large  flocks  will  be  in¬ 
terested.  It  is  an  open  coop,  giving  much 
better  ventilation  than  a  closed  coop,  as 
.  well  as  cooler  roosting  quarters  and 
greater  freedom  from  mites.  Also  it  makes 
overheating,  a  common  cause  of  great 
mortality  among  chickens,  impossible. 
Plans  for  the  range  hopper  may  be  ob¬ 
tained  by  writing  to  the  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  for  Extension 
Service  Leaflet  No.  76,  and  for  the  grow¬ 
ing  coop  for  Extension  Leaflet  No.  75. 
The  Ayrshire  Snow. — There  are  peo¬ 
ple  in  Boston  who  saw  a  live  cow  for  the 
first  time  the  week  of  May  21.  The  Ayr¬ 
shire  Association  held  its  show  at  Me¬ 
chanics’  Hall  that  week,  and  made  a  pa¬ 
rade  of  the  cattle,  which  proved  a  great 
novelty.  It  seems  strange,  no  doubt,  to 
readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  that  a  cow 
should  have  a  place  in  a  zoological  gar¬ 
den.  but  a  well-bred  Ayrshire  has  been 
added  to  the  exhibits  at  Franklin  Park, 
the  authorities  believing  that  the  children 
of  the  city  ought  to  know  the  appearance 
of  the  animal  from  which  milk  comes. 
The  Ayrshire  show  proved  an  event  of 
considerable  importance.  The  papers  fea- 
.  tured  particularly  the  prize-winning  Ayr- 
sheire  bull.  Peter  Pan  VII,  owned  by 
Matthew  Hanah  of  Brownsville,  Vt., 
which  won  first  prize  in  Class  5.  Mr. 
Hanah  describes  himself  as  a  “dirt  farm¬ 
er”  in  contradistinction  to  the  large  num¬ 
ber  of  wealthy  breeders  on  hand  who 
raise  fine  stock  for  the  fun  they  find  in  it 
rather  than  as  a  money-making  proposi¬ 
tion.  like  Mr.  Hanah.  e.  I.  F. 
sends  us  the  above  picture  of 
lJf  youngsters.  Mr.  Gobbler  appears 
as  a  useful  member  of  society. 
that  the  cistern  was  the  source  of  tilt' 
trouble,  and  the  use  of  the  water  should 
be  at  least  as  safe  as  it  ever  was.  Your 
well  is  unfortunately  situated,  between 
the  barn  and  the  brook,  toward  which  the 
surface  water,  and  probably  the  under¬ 
ground  water  also,  flows.  It  is  likely  to 
receive  surface  pollution  unless  well  pro¬ 
tected.  probably  more  likely  to  be  fouled 
by  surface  than  by  underground  flow.  If 
a  dug  well,  it  would  be  wise  to  relay  the 
curbing  for  several  feet  from  the  top. 
making  the  upper  section  watertight  by 
means  of  cement.  This  curbing  should 
be  carried  a  little  above  the  present  sur¬ 
face  of  the  ground,  and  the  surrounding 
earth  should  then  be  graded  up  to  it.  The 
well  cover  should  then  be  made  water¬ 
tight,  so  that  drippings  from  the  pump 
cannot  find  their  way  into  the  well  after 
running  over  a  dirty  well  platform.  A 
concrete  slab  makes  a  cheap  and  excellent 
cover.  If  the  well  continues  to  show  pol¬ 
lution.  it  will  have  to  be  accepted  that 
there  is  some  underground  source,  and 
the  water  will  probably  not  be  safe  for 
drinking.  It  is  pollution  by  human  ex¬ 
crement,  rather  than  bovine,  that,  is  dan 
ve roils,  and  this  may  be  carried  in  under¬ 
ground  water  channels  for  some  distance, 
this  being  particularly  the  case  in  rock 
or  limestone  soils.  M.  n.  i>. 
Payment  on  Notes 
Two  years  ago  this  coming  September 
we  had  a  sale,  and  a  month  or  so  later 
sold  a  number  of  the  notes,  giving  buyei 
$50  for  the  cash  from  the  notes.  Now  that 
three  different  parties  have  not  paid  up 
on  the  notes,  he  keeps  writing  to  us,  say¬ 
ing  we  will  have  to  collect  the  money 
from  them.  Can  he  make  us  do  this? 
Ohio.  a.  T.  A. 
Probably  you  indorsed  the  notes.  If 
so,  you  are  liable  as  an  indorser  if  the 
notes  were  presented  for  payment  and 
dishonored.  N.  T. 
Prof,  (in  zoology  lab.)  :  “What  insect 
lives  on  the  least  food?”  Bright  Pupil: 
“The  moth.  It  eats  holes.” — T’pper  Iowa 
Collegian. 
N.  Y. 
Take  the  Worry  and  Waste 
e/rom  Threshi  ng  Time 
THRESHERS 
are  compact,  simple,  light, 
strong.  Easy  to  transport 
over  hilly  land.  Require 
little  power;  thresh  all 
grains,  beans,  peas.  Five 
sizes — capacities  30  to  120 
bu.  oats  per  hour.  Made 
in  the  Gray  quality  way, 
to  last. 
IT  IS  one  thing  to  raise  the 
grain — another  thing  to  turn  all 
that  you  raise  into  income.  Every 
kernel  lost  after  it  is  produced  is  a 
double  loss — a  profit  loss  and  a  time 
loss. 
Trying  to  fit  your  harvest-time  work 
to  the  convenience  of  the  custom 
thresher  is  a  sure  way  to  invite  loss. 
Grain  threshes  out  cleanest  at  a  cer¬ 
tain  period  after  cutting.  The  owner 
of  a  Gray  Individual  Thresher  can 
quickly  dispose  of  the  threshing  job  at 
the  right  time  to  get  the  most  from  the 
crop — and  from  the  help. 
Gray  Line  Threshers  are  surprising¬ 
ly  inexpensive.  Cost  and  saving  con¬ 
sidered  they  are  one  of  the  most  profit¬ 
able  of  farm  implements.  If  interested 
send  coupon  for  Catalog  and  Price 
List. 
A.  W.  Gray’s  Sons,  Inc. 
Box  20  Poultney,  Vt. 
Factory  at  Middletown  Springs,  Vt. 
Makers  of  the  famous  GRAY  LINE  WOOD  SAWS 
'  «Sf 
.-  ..  .  ' 
yiliiiii . . 
.W.Grsy’s 
Sons,  Inc. 
8ol  20,  Poaltney,  Vt. 
Send  catalog  and  net 
factory  price  list  on 
Gray  Line  Threshers.  I 
average  about  . acres  in 
grain  crops.  (Check  here  (..)  if 
Wood  Saw  Catalog  is  also  wanted.) 
Name 
Address 
The  Ireland  Geared  Hoists 
More  and  more  the  hoist  is  becoming  a  necessity 
to  the  worthwhile  farmer.  In  storing  hay,  grain, 
potatoes,  or  ice,  it 
does  away  with  the 
services  of  the 
extra  hired  man. 
Write  for  circular 
and  price  sheet  to¬ 
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hoist  especially 
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operated  direct 
fom  the  load. 
Let  us  quote  you 
at  once. 
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CANVAS  COVERS 
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Dept.  R.  N.  Newark,  N.  J. 
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