920 
The  RURAL.  NEW. YORKER 
Learn  Before 
You  Lose! 
You  can  expect  only  a  temporary  crop 
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THE  HOPE  FARM  BOOK 
f  This  attractive  234-page  book  has  some  of  the  ^ 
best  of  the  Hope  Farm  Man’s  popular  sketches 
—  philosophy,  humor,  and  sympathetic 
human  touch.  Price  (1.50. 
For  Site  by 
Rinal  New-Yorker,  335  W.30th  St.,  New  York 
General  Farm  Topics 
Propagating  Hydrangea  Panticulata 
llow  in  the  hardy  Hydrangea  panicu- 
lata  propagated?  R.  m. 
Mendham,  N.  J. 
The  following  instructions  are  given 
by  the  Florists'  Exchange:  Green  cut¬ 
tings  are  the  easiest  to  root,  and  should 
b.e  taken  about  the  first  week  in  July. 
Select  the  smaller  growths  and  use  only 
the  ends,  cutting  the  foliage  about  one- 
third.  Insert  in  sand  in  a  cool,  close 
frame,  and  choose  dull  weather,  if  pos¬ 
sible,  unless  you  have  a  regular  propagat- 
ing-house.  Dormant  shoots,  about  8  in. 
long,  may  also  he  cu'f  in  the  Fall  and 
stored  in  the  open  ground,  or  in  a  cold 
shed  or  frame  for  the  Winter.  Set  out 
in  Spring  as  soon  as  possible  and  mulch 
to  prevent  drying  out.  You  may,  if  you 
wish,  try  some  of  the  wood  you  are  cutting 
away  now ;  with  favorable  conditions 
many  may  root.  Green  July  struck  cut¬ 
tings  will  stand  the  Winter  if  given  a 
little  litter  and  can  be  planted  in  the 
nursery  the  following  Spring. 
Strains  of  the  McIntosh 
I  have  been  much  interested  in  your 
history  of  the  origin  of  apples  and  pears, 
and  I  noted  the  statements  concerning 
the  poor  keeping  qualities  of  the  McIn¬ 
tosh.  I  have  two  strains  of  this  splen¬ 
did  apple,  one  striped  and  one  dark  red. 
Both  strains  keep  until  February  and 
March  in  our  cellar.  In  fact,  we  are 
eating  some  of  them  now,  but  Ihey  are 
pretty  soft.  w.  h. 
Rupert,  Vt. 
We.  too,  have  a  few  McIntosh  apples 
still  lying  around  in  common  storage, 
but  though  they  present  a  fair  appear¬ 
ance,  they  are  soft  and  distasteful,  and 
really  not  as  good  as  a  Ben  Davis  at 
this  time  of  the  year.  The  test  of  how 
long  an  apple  will  keep  is  not  how  long 
it  will  hold  its  shape,  but  how  long  it 
will  retain  its  finest  characters.  For 
most  varieties,  the  season  when  a  variety 
is  at  its  best  is  relatively  short— it  seems 
generally  to  be  either  just  “coming  in” 
or  else  just  “going  out”  of  season.  The 
McIntosh  is  not  to  be  classed  with  the 
long-keeping  apples. 
As  to  the  possible  strains  of  McIn¬ 
tosh.  there  is  always  the  chance  of  some 
seedling  strain  arising  that  very  nearly 
duplicates  the  parent.  Yet  we  have  seen 
McIntosh  apples  from  the  same  tree  that, 
were  as  striped  as  a  Northern  Spy  and 
others  that  were  a  solid  red.  The  ques¬ 
tion  of  location,  soil,  and  stock  play  a 
big  part  in  these  questions  of  variability. 
H.  B.  T. 
Economic  Value  of  Wild  Cherry 
I  am  surprised  at  the  remark  you  make 
on  page  832  regarding  the  wild  cherry 
tree.  You  state  that  “it  has  no  economic 
value.”  Having  been  connected  with 
the  building  business  for  more  than  50 
years,  I  know  something  of  the  value  of 
our  native  timber.  The  wild  cherry  is 
equal  or  superior  to  beech  or  maple  as  a 
firewood.  As  a  finishing  lumber  it  is 
superior  to  many  varieties  now  used  for 
interior  finish,  but  is  very  scarce  and 
commands  a  price  of  about  $200  per 
1,000  ft.  It  is  close  grained  and  will 
take  a  high  polish  equal  to  any  native 
or  imported  woods,  and  at  less  expense 
than  many  kinds  now  used  for  interior 
finish.  Its  bark  and  ‘berries  are  used  ex¬ 
tensively  for  their  medicinal  qualities. 
So  why  kill  the  wild  cherry  because  the 
“tent  caterpillar  develops  on  its  leaves?” 
Hadn’t  we  better  exterminate  the  potato 
because  the  potato  bug  thrives  on  it? 
No,  we  spray  the  potato  to  get  rid  of 
the  hug.  Why  not  spray  the  wild  cherry 
tree,  the  elm,  the  apple  and  all  other 
trees  where  the  tent  caterpillar  thrives? 
Give  us  more  cherry  lumber.  It  makes  a 
beautiful  finish  and  grows  richer  with 
age.  c.  c.  THAYER. 
Pennsj  ivania. 
R.  N.-Y. — We  had  special  reference  to 
the  shrubs  or  dwarf  trees  of  wild  cherry 
which  are  scattered  all  over  our  waste 
fields.  This  year  they  were  alive  with 
tent  caterpillars.  One  who  knows  how 
these  small  shrubs  are  scattered  would 
hardly  advise  any  attempt  to  spray  them. 
Admitting  the  value  of  wild  cherry  wood, 
we  also  know  that  the  bark  and  the  fruit 
are  used  in  medicine,  but  we  think  the 
business  of  ’growing  wild  cherries  should 
be  conducted  as  far  as  possible  away 
from  apple  orchards. 
Wormy  and  Malformed  Fruit 
I  purchased  my  present  place  recently, 
and  was  told  By  the  former  tenant  that 
the  quince,  plum  and  apple  trees  on  the 
place  always  bore  plentifully,  but  that 
the  fruit  was  wormy  and  not  salable  or 
eatable.  Can  I  do  anything  to  remedy 
the  trouble?  G.  A.  B. 
Bloomfield.  N.  ,T. 
There  are  dozens  of  insects  which  may 
cause  wormy  or  malformed  fruit,  yet  for 
each  species  of  fruit  there  are  one  or  two 
that  are  especially  severe  and  responsible 
for  most  of  the  damage.  In  the  case  of 
the  quince,  the  quince  curculio  injures 
over  90  per  cent  of  the  crop  in  unpro¬ 
tected  orchards  by  puncturing  the  fruits 
and  making  them  gnarled  and  knotty ; 
the  plum  curculio  causes  severe  dropping 
of  punctured  fruits,  and  causes  annually 
millions  of  dollars  damage  to  the  plum; 
and  the  codling  moth  is  responsible  for 
as  high  as  75  to  90  per  cent  of  the  wormy 
apples  in  little  cared  for  apple  orchards. 
The  general  practices  that  go  with  good 
culture  will  reduce  the  work  of  these 
pests  materially,  for  they  thrive  best  in 
abandoned  or  unprotected  orchards. 
The  quince  curculio  is  not  easily  con¬ 
trolled  by  any  one  means.  Some  growers 
pick  off  all  infested  fruits  before  harvest 
time,  catch  the  beetles  by  jarring  into  a 
sheet  or  curculio  catcher,  and  spray  with 
arsenate  of  lead.  5  or  6  lbs.  to  100  gal¬ 
lons  of  water.  The  combination  of  treat¬ 
ment  holds  the  pest  largely  in  control. 
The  plum  curculio  thrives  in  poorly 
kept  orchards.  The  first  step  is  the  re¬ 
moval  of  all  rubbish  or  trash  that  will 
afford  the  insects  shelter.  Shallow  culti¬ 
vation  from  the  middle  of  July  to  the 
middle  of  August  will  destroy  many 
pupal  cells  in  the  soil,  while  applications 
of  arsenate  of  lead  soon  after  the  petals 
fall  and  a  week  or  10  days  later  at  the 
rate  of  2*4  lbs.  arsenate  to  50  gallons  of 
water,  is  additional  protection. 
The  codling  moth  on  apples  is  con¬ 
trolled  by  spraying  with  arsenate  of  lead, 
2%  lbs.  to  50  gallons  of  water,  just  after 
the  petals  have  fallen  and  before  the 
calyx  lobes  have  closed,  and  again  three 
or  four  weeks  later.  In  case  the  infesta¬ 
tion  is  especially  severe,  a  third  spray 
applied  about  the  first  of  August,  will  be 
found  helpful.  h.  b.  t. 
Sewage  Pollution  of  Well 
What  is  a  proper  distance  to  put  an 
outside  toilet  so  as  not  to  endanger  a 
well?  There  are  two  wells  below  me, 
and  at  a  distance  of  150  ft.  and  250  ft. 
from  me,  at  a  drop,  say,  about  5  ft.  Is 
there  any  State  law  ruling  this?  This  is 
a  rural  district,  formerly  a  farm,  cut  up 
in  building  lots.  I  have  bought  two  lots, 
have  a  shack ;  on  the  other  side  below 
me  are  two  more  shacks.  They  order  me 
to  take  toilet  off.  Can  they  make  me 
move  it  off?  If  so,  where  could  I  put  it 
on  a  space  100x125  ft.?  A.  L. 
New  York. 
If  there  is  an  outdoor  toilet  with  shal¬ 
low  vault,  there  is  some  danger  to  wells 
situated  several  hundred  feet  below  it. 
Surface  or  subsurface  water  might  carry 
pollution  from  your  vault  to  these  wells. 
I  know  of  no  special  statutes  covering 
such  a  case,  but  the  general  laws  govern¬ 
ing  sanitary  matters  would  forbid  your 
endangering  other  water  supplies  by  in¬ 
sanitary  conditions  upon  your  property, 
and  could  be  enforced  through  the  local 
health  authorities. 
A  watertight  vault  that  could  be  cleaned 
at  needed  intervals  and  the  contents  car¬ 
ried  to  some  place  where  they  would  not 
endanger  potable  waters  could  be  used 
on  your  premises,  or  you  could  install  a 
septic  tank.  A  tight  concrete  vault  is 
not  expensive  to  build,  and  would  very 
likely  serve  your  purpose  until  local  reg¬ 
ulations  order  other  disposal  of  wastes, 
if  properly  cared  for.  A  septic  tank  of 
concrete  would  be  a  preferable  and  per¬ 
manent  solution  of  the  problem. 
M.  B.  D. 
Twentieth  Century  Grandmothers 
“Young  folks  are  not  what  they  were 
in  our  day  !”  So  we  hear  on  all  sides. 
Probably  the  change  is  really  more  super¬ 
ficial  than  fundamental.  However  that 
may  be,  we  of  the  elder  generation  surely 
see  a  considerable  alteration  in  the  status 
and  even  in  the  personality  of  the  grand¬ 
mothers.  What  has  become  of  the  sil¬ 
ver-haired,  self-effacing  old  lady  who  used 
to  occupy  the  chimney  corner,  sewing 
carpet  rags  or  reading  her  Book  of 
Psalms?  It  was  from  one  of  those  Psalm 
books,  in  large  print  for  elderly  eyes,  that 
I  learned  my  letters  in  a  Massachusetts 
farmhouse  fifty-odd  years  ago.  My 
grandmother  was  regarded  as  a  sort  of 
saintly  presence  in  the  family  circle.  Her 
room,  which  she  seldom  left,  was  an  un¬ 
failing  refuge,  not  only  for  us  children, 
but  for  our  elders  in  times  of  stress. 
Grandma  was  always  patient,  gentle  and 
loving.  But  she  had  retired  from  any 
active  participation  in  the  outward  af¬ 
fairs  of  life.  Resignation,  sweet  but  pas¬ 
sive  endurance,  serenity — these  were  the 
virtues  appropriate  to  the  elderly,  and  in 
them  she  had  schooled  herself  to  perfec¬ 
tion — who  knows  with  what  inward 
struggle?  Her  position  in  the  household 
was  perhaps  typical  of  her  generation. 
My  own  sons  recall  their  grandmother 
as  a  serious  and  stately  presence,  an 
authority  on  all  questions  of  knowledge 
and  judgment,  dominant  in  personality, 
elegant  in  manner  and  dress,  but  some¬ 
what  critical  of  boyish  peccadilloes.  This, 
too.  illustrates  a  type.  <  ,J 
Now  my  hair  is  streaked  with  gray, 
and  the  startling  thought  occurs  again 
and  again :  “What  will  be  the  impres¬ 
sion  left  on  the  wax-like  minds  of  the 
toddlers  who  now  delight  me  by  coming 
to  Sunday  morning  breakfast  at  grand¬ 
mother’s?” 
Some  time  ago,  on  going  to  visit  a  busy 
back-road  farmhouse,  I  found  the  grand¬ 
mother  of  the  youngest  generation  en¬ 
sconced  in  the  top  of  an  improvised  ice¬ 
July  7,  1 92:; 
house  serenely  receiving  the  sawdust 
from  the  shovels  of  her  husband  and  son, 
and  proceeding  to  distribute  it  between 
the  solid  block  of  ice-masonry  and  the 
outer  walls  of  the  building,  which  had 
been  lined  with  tar  paper  to  keep  out  the 
air.  “Twenty-five  tons  of  ice,”  so  the 
son  proudly  informed  me.  In  the  inter¬ 
vals  of  this  occupation — for  the  sawdust 
pile  was  frozen  and  had  to  be  loosened  up 
with  a  pick — 'grandmother  seated  herself 
on  the  ice  and,  taking  her  work  from  a 
corduroy  bag,  continued  the  knitting  of 
a  pair  of  child’s  horse  reins.  Meantime 
a  sturdy,  brown-eyed  two-year-old  was 
making  diligent  attempts  to  climb  the  lad¬ 
der  by  which  grandma  had  ascended  to 
her  chilly  perch  !  Fortunately  the  rounds 
were  too  far  apart  for  his  short  legs,  and 
he  was  forced  to  content  himself  with 
nibbling  a  surplus  cake  of  ice !  The 
reins  were  made  of  khaki  wool,  left  over 
from  war  knitting,  and  grandmother  ex¬ 
plained  that  the  tiny  Swiss  cowbell  which 
gave  them  the  finishing  touch  was 
brought  home  by  her  doctor  son  after  a 
“prep  school”  jaunt  in  Switzerland  some 
dozen  years  ago.  (How  wonderfully  do 
all  the  events  of  life,  big  and  little,  fit 
themselves  into  a  marvelous  mosaic,  beau¬ 
tiful  or  grotesque,  according  to — is  it 
fate,  or  our  own  workmanship?) 
The  other  grandmother  of  this  rosy- 
faced  youngster  and  his  baby  brother  be¬ 
came  a  widow  when  over  50.  Without 
loss  of  time  she  pluekily  began  to  fit  her¬ 
self  for  a  place  in  the  world  of  business, 
and  soon  secured  a  “job.”  Week-ends 
and  spare  dollars  are  often  devoted  to 
the  dear  grandchildren  in  the  country — 
but  no  chimney  corners  for  either  of 
these  grandmothers ! 
Another  woman  I  know  went  alone  to 
Europe  on  a  long-deferred  pleasure  trip 
after  the  birth  of  a  third  grandchild. 
Still  another  runs  a  successful  girls’ 
camp  in  New  Hampshire.  A  grand¬ 
mother,  the  mother  of  11  children,  the 
youngest  but  1G  years  old,  is  now  engaged 
in  a  “gainful  occupation,”  having  had 
“none.”  according  to  the  census,  for  the 
past  35  years! 
Do  not  these  facts  indicate  some  more 
than  superficial  changes  in  society?  In 
one  of  Louisa  Alcott’s  books,  “Rose  iu 
Bloom,”  “dear  old  Auntie  Peace”  is  the 
embodiment  of  resignation,  elsewhere  set 
down  as  about  40  years  of  age !  The 
lady  of  the  icehouse  told  me  with  pride 
that  she  had  husked  unaided  more  than 
100  bushels  of  corn  last  Fall.  At  50  she 
boldly  adopted  bloomers  for  gardening 
and  other  outdoor  activities.  But  it  is 
only  fair  to  say  that  in  loving  enthu¬ 
siasm  for  their  grandchildren  all  of  these 
modern  women  compare  favorably  with 
the  most  old-fashioned  of  grandmothers. 
GRANDMOTHER  ROSE. 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER,  JULY  7.  1923 
FARM  TOPICS 
Horseradish  Culture  .  918 
Price  for  “Standing  Grass” .  918 
Using  Black  Soil .  921 
Hubam  in  Nova  Scotia .  923 
Hope  Farm  Notes .  926 
LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY 
Impounding  Trespassing  Cattle .  925 
Milk  Prices  for  July..... .  929 
Dairymen’s  League  Meeting .  929 
Feeding  Hogs  .  932 
Drying  Off  Cows .  932 
Garbage  as  Feed .  932 
Ration  for  Bull  and  Dairy  Herd .  932 
Horse  with  Scratches .  934 
Enlarged  Glands  .  934 
Cow  Leaks  Milk .  934 
Injured  Horn  .  934 
THE  HENYARD 
Ground  Limestone  in  Henhouse .  923 
Non-sitting  R.  I.  Reds .  926 
Baby  Chick  Association .  936 
Marketing  Young  Ducks .  936 
Building  Poultry  House .  936 
Loss  of  Ducklings .  936 
HORTICULTURE 
Varieties  of  Orchard  Mulching .  918 
Electrifying  the  Garden .  921 
Wormy  Apples  on  Pacific  Coast .  921 
Plant  Questions  .  922 
Story  of  Tompkins  King  Apple . .  922 
Early  Chinese  Cherry .  922 
Handling  Red  Raspberry  Seed .  927 
Maple  Trees  Dying .  927 
Substitutes  for  Potted  Plants .  927 
WOMAN  AND  HOME 
From  Day  to  Day .  930 
Baby’s  Crocheted  Bonnet .  930 
Eggless  Recipes  . 1 .  930 
Letters  of  Indiana  Farmer .  931 
Rural  Patterns  .  931 
Splint  Brooms  Again  .  931 
Chili  Con  Carne .  931 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Woodchucks  Kill  Poultry .  918 
Improving  Rural  Cemeteries .  919 
Vote  on  Consolidation .  919 
Contract  by  Telephone . 919 
New  Idea  in  Scarecrows . 921 
Cherry  Tree  on  Line .  922 
Young  People  from  Germany . . .  922 
Snapping  Turtles  . 922 
Pumping  from  Two  Wells .  922 
Purifying  Diseased  Well .  922 
Use  for  Motor  Oil . . . . .  .  923 
Oiling  a  Motor .  923 
Beanes  Canned  in  Brine .  923 
Splint  Baskets  . . . . . .  923 
Ownership  of  Window  Screens .  925 
Adopted  Child’s  Inheritance .  925 
Disputed  Fence  Line .  925 
Poisoning  Moles  .  927 
Editorials  .  928 
School  Bill  and  Its  Discussion .  929 
Anti-Daylight  Saving  Association .  929 
Publisher’s  Desk  . .  938 
