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Ailing  Animals 
Answered  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Alexander 
Congested  Udder 
My  cow  went  fresh  Monday,  but  while 
she  eats  well  her  udder  is  caked  very 
hard.  What  remedies  can  I  use  to 
loosen  this  stuff?  Is  the  milk  safe  to 
use?  Shall  I  give  her  meal  or  just  let 
her  graze?  J.  M. 
New  Jersey. 
As  you  do  not  state  that  the  cow  is 
suffering  pain  and  has  lost  appetite,  or 
shows  lameness  from  the  swelling  of  the 
udder,  or  that  the  udder  is  very  painful 
ns  well  as  swollen  and  is  not  yielding 
curdled,  whey-like  or  foul-smelling  milk 
we  conclude  that  inflammation  is  not 
present  such  as  is  seen  in  maramitis  or 
garget,  but  that  simple  congestion  is  the 
condition  affecting  the  udder.  Thar  is  a 
normal  or  physiological  condition  neces¬ 
sary  to  the  elaborate*  i  of  milk  and  ait 
indication  that  the  cow  will  he  a  good 
milk  producer,  but  it  should  quickly  sub¬ 
side.  Congestion  is  an  engorgment  of 
the  udder  with  blood  and  the  pressure  is 
so  great  that  watery  liquid  of  the  blood 
passes  out  of  the  blood  vessels  into  the 
tissues.  The  resultant  swelling  pits  or 
dents  under  pressure  of  the  finger  tips 
and  similar  swellings  often  form  on  the 
abdominal  wall  in  front  of  the  udder  and 
also  run  up  between  the  hind  legs.  In 
many  instances  serum  as  well  as  milk 
comes  when  milking  is  done  and  may  be 
bloody,  or  pure  blood  may  replace  milk 
when  many  blood  vessels  have  been 
ruptured.  Treat  this  condition  by  giving 
the  cow  a  pound  of  Epsom  salt  in  three 
pints  of  lukewarm  water,  as  one  dose, 
very  slowly .  and  carefully  from  a  long 
necked  bottle  to  avoid  letting  any  of  the 
fluid  run  down  the  windpipe  into  the 
lungs.  Lower  the  head  instantly  if 
coughing  occurs.  The  head  should  be 
held  straight  out  from  the  neck,  not 
much  above  the  level  of  the  back.  When 
the  physic  has  acted  give  a  tablespoon 
each  of  fluid  extract  of  poke  root  and 
powdered  saltpeter  twice  daily  in  water 
or  soft  feed,  if  the  swelling  persists.  De¬ 
crease  rich  feed,  keeping  the  cow  off 
lush  pasture,  until  the  swelling  subsides 
and  the  flow  of  milk  is  normal  in  amount 
and  quality.  Massage  the  udder  thor¬ 
oughly  two  or  three  times  daily,  rubbing 
the  front  swelling  in  the  direction  of  the 
heart  and  the  rear  swelling  upwards. 
Give  walking  exercise  two  or  three  times 
daily,  ro  stimulate  circulation  and  resorp¬ 
tion  of  the  liquid  in  the  swellings.  If 
the  udder  is  hot  and  painful  persistently 
bathe  it  with  hot  water  and  strip  clean 
once  an  hour.  Also  give  the  physic  and 
other  medicine.  In  the  evening  rub  in  a 
mixture  of  one  part  each  of  turpentine 
and  fluid  extracts  of  poke  root  and  bella¬ 
donna  leaves  and  eight  parts  of  warm 
melted  lard  or  sweet  oil.  The  milk  may 
be  used  if  perfectly  normal. 
Fistula  of  Teat 
What  would  be  best  to  do  where  cows 
have  holes  in  teats  \y.e  have  one  with 
first  calf  and  one  with  second  calf,  each 
having  holes  in  teats?  F.  w.  s. 
Ohio. 
We  take  it  that  your  cows  have  in 
addition  to  the  natural  opening  or  ori¬ 
fice  in  a  teat  a  false  or  fistulous  opening 
which  leaks  some  milk  when  the  cow  is 
milked  night  and  morning,  or  that  some 
milk  is  yielded  by  the  false  duct  or  duct 
of  a  rudimentary  secreting  or  mammary 
gland.  Such  conditions  are  best  dealt 
with  when  the'  cow  is  dry.  Unless  the 
condition  is  very  annoying  it  is  there¬ 
fore  best  to  postpone  operating  until  the 
cow  goes  dry  or  is  dried  off.  unless  you 
prefer  to  let  a  calf  nurse  or  to  dry  off 
the  secretion  in  the  affected  quarter  of 
the  udder.  True  fistula  of  a  teat  is  char¬ 
acterized  by  an  opening  through  the  wall 
into  the  interior  of  the  teat  through 
which  milk  flows  or  leaks  right  along  or 
runs  at  milking  time.  That  condition 
usually  is  caused  by  a  barb  Avire  cut  or 
other  wound  which  has  been  improperly 
treated  so  that  an  opening  remains  when 
the  wound  has  healed.  The  other  form 
or  fistula  referred  to  is  where  a  rudimen¬ 
tary  milk  secreting  gland  has  no  true 
teat  but  merely  an  opening  in  the  rear  of 
the  wall,  of  a  back  teat.  Treatment  of 
each  condition  differs.  That  for  a  true 
fistula  consists  in  cleaning  and  disinfect¬ 
ing  the  teat  when  the  cow  is  dry,  per¬ 
fectly  restraining  the  animal  by  casting 
or  tying,  painting  the  seat  of  the  opera¬ 
tion  with  tincture  of  iodine,  injecting  a 
local  anesthetic  and  then  dissecting  out  a 
little  square  patch  of  skin  in  the  center 
of  which  is  the  false  opening.  At  the 
same  time  the  fistulous  tract  or  duct  is 
made  into  a  fresh,  clean  wound  by  cut¬ 
ting  away  its  lining  membrane  with  a 
sharp  scalpel,  right  down  to  a  long  milk¬ 
ing  tube  inserted  in  the  teat  before  start¬ 
ing  the  operation.  When  this  has  been 
done  the  lips  of  the  wound  are  brought 
together  by  sutures  after  dusting  with 
iodoform  and  the  wound  then  covered 
with  iodoform-collodion  and  a  thin  layer 
of  sterilized  cotton.  Healing  should  take 
place  by  primary  or  first  intention  so  that 
the  stitches  may  be  removed  in  a  week, 
or  thereabout,  leaving  the  false  opening 
closed.  A  simpler  plan  of  treatment  is 
to  burn  the  lining  of  the  fistulous  tract 
with  a  red  hot  knitting  needle  or  thermo¬ 
cautery  point,  hut  the  cutting  operation 
is  preferable.  Treatment  of  a  rudimentary 
gland  and  discharging  fistula  or  duct  con¬ 
sists  in  dissecting  out  the  duct  and  gland 
or  obliterating  them  by  cauterization, 
work  which  had  better  be  done  by  a  qual¬ 
ified  veterinarian.  Meanwhile  try  the 
effects  of  flexible  collodion  applied  twice 
a  day. 
Running  and  Barking  Fits  in  Dogs 
My  dog  is  two  years  old  and  always 
has  been  healthy,  never  sick  a  day.  Last 
Saturday  he  suddenly  took  a  fit,  or  what 
seemed  one.  lie  had  got  the  cows  as 
usual  and  ate  his  usual  meal.  He  sud¬ 
denly  started  running  wildly  around, 
barking,  dashing  this  way  and  that.  He 
barked  at  every  live  thing  though  bit  at 
none.  Then  he  dashed  off  to  the  woods. 
No  more  barking  was  heard  for  an  hour, 
when  two  children  met  him  and  he 
jumped  around  them,  'barking  crazily,  and 
nearly  scared  them  to  death.  Then  he 
ran  off  again.  Half  an  hour  later  he 
came  around  quiet  and  sheepish.  I  tied 
him  up,  having  visions  of  rabies.  I 
put  food  and  water  before  him  and  he 
drank  and  ate  as  usual.  For  four  days 
he  was  perfectly  well,  though  I  kept  him 
muzzled  for  safety.  This  morning  short¬ 
ly  after  he  had  brought  in  the  cows,  he 
barked  at  two  of  my  children,  then 
dashed  for  the  door  where  I  stood,  bark¬ 
ing  wildly.  I  shut  the  door  suddenly, 
so  he  turned  back,  dashed  past  one  child, 
and  ran  around  the  house.  This  was  at 
eight  in  the  morning  and  we  never  saw 
him  until  half  past  one  when  he  came 
creeping  hack  and  wanted  to  go  in  the 
house.  He  was  still  sick  and  looked  wfld. 
I  collared  him  and  he  tried  to  break  away 
and  whined  and  howled  mournfully  ;  did 
not  seem  to  recognize  me.  My  voice  did 
not  quiet  him,  so  I  tied  him  up  and 
then  offered  food  but  he  would  not  eat 
and  whined  and  wanted  to  go  away.  In 
a  few  minutes  be  quieted  down,  wagged 
his  tail  and  lay  and  looked  normal.  His 
nose  was  scratched  and  he  seemed  worn 
put.  About  half  an  hour  later  he  took 
food  and  water  and  seemed  very  meek 
and  penitent.  When  first  attacked  the 
weather  was  hot ;  second  time  it  was  cool 
and  rainy.  He  lias  simple  food,  griddle 
cakes  in  morning;  bread  and  table  scraps 
and  milk  at  night ;  always  free ;  stayed 
home  and  barked  at  no  one. 
New  York.  MRS.  L.  A.  I.. 
Never  in  our  experience  of  over  10 
years  of  practice  have  we  received  so 
many  reports  of  such  fits  in  dogs  as 
have  come  in  this  season.  Dogs  in 
the  Southern  states  are  most  affected, 
but  those  elsewhere  'have  contributed 
their  quota  of  complaints.  In  some  of 
the  cases  examined  by  Southern  veterin¬ 
arians,  abscesses  in  the  rectum  have  been 
found  to  be  the  cause  and  liberation  of 
pus  has  quickly  proved  remedial.  Excite¬ 
ment  brings  on  the  fits.  Confining  the 
dog  at  the  time  in  a  cool,  dark,  quiet 
place  many  suffieie  in  the  way  of  treat¬ 
ment.  but  it  is  better  to  give  20  grains 
of  ’bromide  of  potash  in  a  little  water  and 
to  repeat  the  dose  in  20  minutes,  if 
found  necessary.  Then,  so  far  as  possi¬ 
ble,  causes  of  excitement  should  be  re¬ 
moved.  There  can  be  no  question  that 
in  dogs  in  the  Southern  States  hook 
worms  are  the  commonest  cause  of  these 
fits  and  there  is  good  reason  to  believe 
that  the  parasites  have  been  brought  to 
some  of  the  Northern  States  by  show 
dogs  of  tourists  or  visitors.  With  us, 
however,  tape  worms  are  more  likely 
the  cause  of  running  and  barking  fits  in 
dogs.  To  rid  a  dog  of  hook  worms  car¬ 
bon  tetrachlorid  should  be  given  in  soft 
gelatin  capsules,  and  great  care  taken 
not  to  break  the  capsules  at  time  of  ad¬ 
ministration.  The  dose  of  the  drug  for 
a  puppy  is  one  drop  for  each  pound  of 
body  weight  and  for  a  grown  dog  the  dose 
is  two  drops  per  pound  of  weight.  The 
medicine  does  not  have  to  be  followed 
by  a  dose  of  castor  oil  or  other  physio 
but  may  be  repeated  in  two  weeks,  if 
thought:  to  be  necessary.  To  rid  a  dog 
of  tape  worms,  and  this  is  the  treatment 
we  should  advise  for  your  dog,  withhold 
feed  for  24  hours  ;  confine  the  dog  in  a 
clean-swept  box  stall  and  give  one  dram 
of  fluid  extract  of  male  shieldfern  and 
20  grains  of  freshly  powdered  areca  nut, 
in  one  tablespoon  of  simple  sirup  or 
soup,  for  every  25  lbs.  of  body  weight. 
Repeat  the  treatment  in  four  or  five  days. 
Burn  the  droppings.  It  is  well  to  give 
every  farm  Collie  or  watch  dog  such 
treatment  at  least  twice  a  year,  on  gen¬ 
eral  principles,  as  every  dog  that  runs 
at  large  will  be  practically  certain  to 
become  infested  with  worms.  When 
rabies  is  present  the  dog  quits  eating 
and  in  the  dumb  form  the  lower  jaw 
drops  from  paralysis,  the  voice  is  a  half 
bark,  half  howl,  and  the  dog  laps  its  own 
urine  and  swallows  all  sorts  of  foreign 
bodies.  In  the  furious  form  the  dog  runs 
amuck  through  the  country  biting  peo¬ 
ple  or  animals  that  come  in  its  way. 
Paralysis  occurs  before  death  which 
takes  place  in  a  week  or  less.  Always 
keep  a  dog  chained  when  rabies  is  sus¬ 
pected. 
Iritis 
I  have  a  dog  I  prize  highly.  I  no¬ 
tice  at  intervals,  there  is  a  blue  forma¬ 
tion  that  covers  his  right  eyeball.  When 
first  attacked  I  though  he  was  blind.  It 
disappears  in  time,  the  returns.  Con¬ 
siderable  matter  is  to  be  seen  around  tlie 
eyelids  and  in  corner  of  eye.  a.  m. 
Kentucky. 
Intestinal  worms  are  so  often  a  con¬ 
tributory  cause  of.  this  form  of  eye 
disease  that  we  always  prescribe  treat¬ 
ment  to  expel  worms,  on  general  prin¬ 
ciples  as  the  first  step  in  combating  the 
eye  trouble.  As  hook  worms  are  preva¬ 
lent  among  dogs  in  the  Southern  States 
we  think  it  would  be  best  to  give  the 
new  treatment  for  their  expulsion,  un¬ 
less  you  happen  to  notice  segments  of 
tape  worms  in  the  feces,  which  should 
be  examined.  Carbon  tetrachlorid  is  the 
new  drug  found  most  effective  for  hook 
worm  expulsion  or  destruction.  It  has 
largely  taken  the  place  of  thymol  for  the 
purpose.  The  dose  is  one  drop  per  pound 
of  body  weight  for  a  puppy  and  two  drops 
per  pound  for  a  gi’own  dog,  the  drug  to 
be  given  in  soft  gelatin  capsules  after 
withholding  feed  for  24  hours.  Be  care¬ 
ful  not  to  break  the  capsules  at  time  of 
administration  as  the  drug  is  volatile 
and  suffocating  if  inhaled.  The  dose  may 
be  repeated  in  two  weeks,  but  need  not 
be  followed  by  castor  oil.  If  tape  worm 
segments  have  been  seen  in  the  feces  the 
following  treatment  may  be  found  more 
effective  than  that  for  hook  worms:  with¬ 
hold  feed  for  24  hours ;  confine  the  dog 
in  a  clean-swept  box  stall ;  give  one  dram 
of  fluid  extract  of  male  shield  fern  and 
20  grains  of  freshly  powdered  areca  nut 
in  half  an  ounce  of  simple  sirup  or  soup, 
for  every  25  lbs.  of  body  weight  of  dog. 
Repeat  the  dose  in  four  or  five  days. 
Burn  the  droppings.  Local  treatment 
of  the  eye  should  consist  in  bathing 
with  a  saturated  solution  of  boric  acid 
each  night  and  morning,  using  a  fresh 
swab  of  sterilized  cotton  each  time,  and 
every  three  or  four  hours  putting  a  drop 
or  two  of  a  15  per  cent  solution  of  ar- 
gyrol  in  the  eye  by  means  of  a  medicine 
dropper  or  apply  it  with  a  soft  camel's 
hair  brush.  When  the  worm  medicine 
has  acted  and  been  repeated,  should  the 
eye  trouble  persist,  give  ia.  grain  of 
iodine  of  potash  night  and  morning  in 
a  capsule  or  dissolved  in  a  little  water, 
but  stop  the  medicine  for  a  day  or  two 
should  any  derangement  of  the  digestion 
or  other  alarming  effect  result.  Keep 
the  bowels  active  and  have  the  dog  run 
out  for  exercise  every  day.  Feed  light, 
laxative  rations. 
