Jht  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1069 
General  Farm  Topics 
“Some  few  years  ago  I 
bought  a  Peerless  equipped 
with  Goodyear  Cords. 
These  tires  gave  me  over 
three  years  of  daily  service. 
I  do  not  believe  there  is 
a  better  tire  made  than 
Goodyear.”  —  W.  H. 
Brown,  Americus,  Ga. 
“Two  of  the  Goodye 
Cord  Tires  on  our  Oldf 
mobile  were  put  on  t 
spare  bracket  after  16jt 
miles,  when  my  husljf 
started  on  a  long  trip ^ 
Canada;  the  other®' 
have  now  gone  1 
miles.  This  milea 
eludes  mud  and  i 
other  bad  road  condi 
—  Mrs.  W.  Heimic|s 
Brunswick ,  N.  J . 
"In  August,  1920,  I  pur-  "I  have  been  using  Good- 
chased  a  new  Studebaker 
equipped^ 
Cord 
19 
dyear 
year  Cord  Tires  with  the 
beveled  All-WeatherTread 
on  my  Nash  for  the  past 
8,200  miles,  and  figure  they 
,  are  far  above  the  average 
/^^X'thes  that  can  be  bought.”’. 
f  .-Clyde  C.  Smith,  Me-, 
\°nzie,  Tenn. 
o  o 
jhave  driven  my  Buick 
\n  21,000  miles,  over 
jroads,  through  ice  and 
.  in  winter,  and  still 
two  of  the  original 
■ear  Cord  Tires  w'ith 
leveled  All-Weather 
‘■.and  they  look  as  if 
Vould  go  at  least 
,r  3,000  miles  yet. 
■er  two  went  13,500 
f||§,nd  14,382  miles. 
H  )  beat  it?” — Louis 
h, Haoer straw, N .  Y. 
Al 
THE  satisfaction  delivered  users  by  Goodyear  Cord  Tires  is  proverbial. 
That  satisfaction  now  is  deeper  and  more  intense  than  ever  before. 
The  brilliant  performance  of  the  new  Goodyear  Cord  Tire  with  the 
beveled  All-Weather  Tread  is  the  reason.  Read  what  these  typical 
Goodyear  users  say,  then  ask  yourself  if  the  tires  that  are  good  enough 
to  win  such  enthusiastic  approval  are  not  the  tires  you  want  on  your  car. 
Copyright  1923,  by  The  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co..  Inc. 
"Since  equipping  I 
iliac  with  a  set  of  G] 
Cord  Tires  with 
eled  All-Weather 
have  driven  it  abou 
miles  in  all  kinds  of] 
er  and  over  all  k1 
roads.  The  tires  are’ 
good  condition,  and 
from  all  appearance 
me  another  6,000  to 
miles. ’’-Edward  C. 
Bloomington ,  III. 
“  I  have  driven  my  Stud 
baker  15,448  miles  on  th 
same  Goodyear  Cord  Tires 
with  the  beveled  All- 
WeatherTread  with  which 
it  came  equipped,  and  they 
are  still  good  for  a  few 
thousand  more.”^ — H.  F. 
Bechler,  Chicago ,  III. 
ttv^MWa&j J/, JP.  *y.gvear 
Cora^B^JPW^et  been 
off  the  rim.” — Henry  H. 
Dinneen,  Baltimore ,  Md. 
jfny  Scripps-Booth 
v’s  a  Goodyear  Cord 
i th  the  beveled  All- 
er  Tread  that  has 
3,000  miles  and  is 
oing.” — C.W.  Estes, 
ant,  Ala. 
have  two  Goodyear 
_  d  Tires  that  came  as 
ginal  equipment  on  my 
/lick  sedan  and  have 
iin  over  23,000  miles.” — 
/Harry  R.  Dix,  Lowell, 
'Mass. 
o  o 
“Would  you  be  interested 
in  an  old  Goodyear  casing, 
with  the  proper  affidavit 
that  it  had  run  above 
19,000  miles  without  a 
blow-out?” — J.  F.  Arm¬ 
strong,  Post,  Tex. 
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“THE  BEAN  and  PEA  FARMER’S  FRIEND’ 
“Does  the  Work  ot  a  Crew  of  Men” 
Organized  Co-operation 
A  NEW  BOOK 
By  JOHN  J.  DILLON 
Discussing  a  Surveying  Problem 
1.  My  deed  reads  as  follows:  "South 
65  degrees  30  minutes ;  west  11  chains 
and  18  links  to  center  of  creek,  thence 
along  center  of  creek  29  chains  and  94 
links.”  I  want  to  tind  out  where  the  line 
runs  from  the  road  to  the  creek,  as  my 
neighbor  says  I  am  wrong  about  the 
boundary  line.  2.  Will  you  give  me  the 
following  in  feet?  65  degrees  30  minutes; 
11  chains  18  links;  29  chains  94  links. 
Amsterdam,  N.  Y.  r.  f. 
1.  The  data,  “south  65  degrees  30  min¬ 
utes,  west  11  chains  and  18  links  to  the 
center  of  creek,  thence  along  center  of 
creek  29  chains  and  94  links,”  is  insuf¬ 
ficient  for  a  satisfactory  answer.  If  the 
whole  call  of  deed  had  been  given,  in¬ 
stead  of  only  a  part,  perhaps  a  solutioi 
might  have  been  made. 
First,  the  bearing  “south  65  degrees,  30 
minutes  west,”  simply  means  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  this  line,  when  surveyed,  which 
is  southwest  and  northeast.  The  real 
direction  of  this  line  is  constant — the 
same  yesterday,  today,  tomorrow  and 
forever.  But  the  (magnetic)  bearing, 
“south  65  degrees,  30  minutes  west,”  is 
constantly,  gradually  increasing  for  this 
part  of  the  United  States.  Briefly,  there 
is  an  imaginary,  ii regular  line  running 
from  the  magnetic  pole  (not  the  North 
Pole)  in  British  America,  west  of  Hud¬ 
son  Bay,  running  southeasterly  in  direc¬ 
tion  across  the  following  States :  "West¬ 
ern  Michigan,  Northeast  Indiana,  South¬ 
west  Ohio,  Eastern  Kentucky  and  Ten¬ 
nessee,  Western  North  and  South  Caro¬ 
lina,  thence  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  bare¬ 
ly  touching  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Cuba.  This  imaginary  line  is 
known  and  called  the  Agonic  Line.  On 
this  Agonic  Line  the  magnetic  needle  to 
a  compass  points  true  north  and  south, 
invariably.  It  might  be  also  said  the 
needle  being  magnetized  (captivated  by 
an  electric  charge  or  current)  lies  par¬ 
allel  with  the  lines  of  force.  This  Agonic 
Line  is  not  stable,  but  is  gradually  mov¬ 
ing  westward,  at  a  rate  of  approximately 
three  minutes  per  year  for  the  last  dec¬ 
ade.  Prior  to  that,  it  had  a  movement 
of  four  or  more  minutes  westward  per 
annum,  indicating  a  slowing  down  and 
approaching  its  western  swing,  where  it 
may  be  stable  for  a  period,  possibly  a 
few  years,  before  it  starts  back  on  the 
eastern  swing.  It  is  said,  approximately 
300  years  are  required  for  a  complete 
swing  of  its  orbit.  It  is  a  strange  phe¬ 
nomenon,  and  very  little  data  is  available. 
For  all  places  east  of  this  Agonic  Line 
the  magnetic  needle  has  what  is  called  a 
“western  declination”  (formerly  and  er¬ 
roneously  called  the  variation  of  the 
needle)  ;  that  is,  the  needle  points  west 
of  true  north  and  increases  in  declina¬ 
tion  as  the  compass  is  taken  east.  And 
likewise,  west  of  this  Agonic  Line  the 
magnetic  needle  has  a  reverse,  or  east 
declination. 
At  present  the  magnetic  declination  of 
the  needle  for  the  following  places  is  to 
nearest  degrees,  Rochester  8  degrees,  Am¬ 
sterdam  11  degrees,  Albany  12  degrees, 
and  Eastport,  Me.,  20  degrees. 
Therefore,  at  present,  as  many  degrees 
and  minutes,  respectively,  should  be  add¬ 
ed  to  the  compass  readings,  in  order  to 
adjust  the  line  surveyed  to  a  true  merid¬ 
ian — a  north  and  south  line  for  places 
mentioned-  As  a  matter  of  fact,  mag¬ 
netic  bearings  are  always  recorded  in 
deeds,  with  a  map  showing  the  declina¬ 
tion.  One  hundred  years  ago  the  de¬ 
clination  was  much  less,  being  for  Roch¬ 
ester  only  one  degree,  Albany  5%  de¬ 
grees,  and  Eastport,  14  degrees.  Exam¬ 
ple,  at  present,  for  a  line  run  at  Am¬ 
sterdam,  if  the  needle  read  south  65  de¬ 
grees,  30  minutes  west  (to  run  the  same 
line  the  opposite  direction  it  would  read 
“north  65  degrees,  30  minutes  east,”  or 
transposing  same)  to  it  should  be  added 
11  degrees,  making  the  true  line  south 
76%  degrees  west.  This  would  lack  only 
13%  degrees  of  a  true  east  and  west  line. 
The  date  of  survey  of  your  deed  is  not 
given,  therefore  the  true  bearing  today 
cannot  be  determined.  However,  this  is 
not  important  just  now.  After  all  this 
“explaining”  and  “fuss,”  we  are  still  right 
back  at  the  beginning,  and  it  is  interest¬ 
ing  to  only  a  few  people.  However,  when¬ 
ever  the  old  original  line  was  run  (sur¬ 
veyed)  and  maintained,  20  years  or  more, 
that  establishes  it  and  is  considered  legal 
by  possession  and  occupation.  Also  the 
deed  description  of  measurements  and 
bearings,  together  with  indisputable  evi¬ 
dence,  such  as  highways,  streams,  stones, 
trees,  stakes,  fences,  etc.,  are  such 
strong  witnesses  and  proof  that  a  court 
seldom  changes. 
Secondly,  and  lastly,  this  part,  the 
chains  and  links,  appear  to  be  the  most 
important  and  easy  of  solution.  But  here 
comes  in  another  bunch  of  troubles.  Old 
surveys  were  always  made  with  a  plain 
compass  and  Gunter’s  chain,  when  land 
was  worth  a  shilling  an  acre,  25  cents  of 
our  present  day  money  .  A  Gunter’s  chain 
has  many,  many  links  in  it,  and  each  one 
was  subject  to  wear  and  stretching.  After 
a  chain  had  'been  used  much  it  was  just 
an  ordinary  occurrence  to  find  them  1  to 
6  in.  too  long.  This  of  course  would  re¬ 
sult  in  the  recorded  distance  being  too 
short.  Good  100  ft.  steel  tapes  eliminate 
most  of  such  errors.  Later  on,  when  an 
old  survey  is  re-run  it  is  not  at  all  un¬ 
common  to  find  an  over-run  of  several 
feet  and  acres,  depending  on  the  size  of 
the  tract,  often  one  to  three  acres  over¬ 
run  per  100  acres.  Stones  and  stakes 
were  the  usual  marks  for  corners  on  old 
surveys,  through  woods,  with  trees  blazed. 
2.  A  Gunter’s  chain  is  four  rods  or,  66 
ft.  long  and  has  100  links,  each  of  which 
is  7.92  in.  long.  Therefore  100  times  7.92 
equals  792  in.,  divided  by  12  in.  gives  66 
ft.;  11.18  chains  times  66  ft.  equals 
737.88  ft.  (737  ft.  and  10  9/16  in.)  for 
the  distance  from  the  center  of  highway 
to  center  of  creek ;  29.94  chains  times 
66  equals  1936.04  ft.  (1936  ft.  and  4% 
in.)  for  the  distance  along  the  creek  cen¬ 
ter  from  point  to  point.  In  remeasuring 
these  lines,  an  over-run  of  several  feet 
may  be  expected,  from  2  to  50  ft.  Also 
highway  and  creek  centers  are  subject  to 
shifting. 
Usually  it  is  advisable  to  keep  contro¬ 
versies  out  of  courts,  as  lawyers  seldom 
produce  any  new  wealth,  but  in  many 
instances  have  been  known  to  obtain 
wealth  that  others  accumulated.  If  nec¬ 
essary,  let  each  side  select,  locally,  a  good 
capable  person,  then  these  two  parties 
select  a  third  disinterested  party,  to  set¬ 
tle  the  difficulty.  t.  e.  martin. 
Clover  Seeding;  Breeding  Fish  Bait 
I  felt  interested  in  article,  “Where  Do 
Plants  Come  From,”  on  page  993.  It 
brought  to  memory  the  clearing  up  of 
wild  woodland  in  Vermilion  Co.,  Ill. ; 
dense  woods,  heavy  undergrowth,  patches 
of  wild  grass ;  no  clover  was  ever  known 
to  grow  on  the  land.  But  as  soon  as  the 
sun’s  rays  penetrated  the  land  patches  of 
clover  began  to  show,  grew  rapidly  and 
'blossomed.  When  and  where  did  that 
seed  come  from?  No  doubt  brought  by 
birds  or  animals  that  had  been  fed  on 
clover  and  dropped  the  seed ;  it  may  have 
been  waiting  for  years  just  for  a  touch  of 
nature  to  start  life. 
On  page  995,  article  on  “A  Small  Fish 
Pond,”  and  your  remarks  on  feeding  fish, 
carried  my  memory  away  back  70  years 
ago  among  the  hills  in  Scotland,  where 
we  boys  had  the  joy  of  our  lives'  trout 
fishing.  We  bred  fly  maggots  for  bait  and 
for  feeding  minnows;  quite  simple  and 
easy.  Rabbits  were  plentiful;  all  we 
had  to  do  was  to  shoot  a  rabbit,  put  it  in 
a  sieve  and  set  over  a  box  of  clean  sand 
in  some  out  of  the  way  corner,  protected 
from  every  “varmint”  except  flies.  It 
does  not  take  long  for  flies  to  breed,  and 
it  was  soon  alive  with  maggots.  As  they 
eat  through  the  skin  they  drop  into  the 
sand,  and  as  they  drop  they  gather  into 
a  moving  mass.  There  you  can  always 
have  bait  by  adding  another  rabbit.  Very 
little  odor;  does  not  spread  far.  In 
throwing  a  handful  of  maggots  into  the 
minnow  pool,  minnows  seem  to  prefer 
the  small  maggots.  john  spiers. 
Florida. 
“Looks  as  if  we  were  going  to  have 
disarmament.”  “I’m  glad  of  it.”  replied 
Uncle  Bill  Bottletop.  “1  hope  they  start 
right  in  taking  their  guns  away  from 
bootleggers  and  auto  bandits.” — Wash¬ 
ington  Star. 
This  book  is  written  in  three 
parts. 
PART  ONE.— The  Develop¬ 
ment  of  the  Agricultural  Indus¬ 
try.  In  five  chapters. 
PART  TWO.  —  Fundamental 
Principles  and  Adaptable  Forms 
of  Co-operative  Organization.  In 
ten  chapters. 
PART  THREE.  —  Application 
of  Co-operation  to  Efficient  and 
Economic  Distribution  of  Farm 
Products.  In  seven  chapters. 
This  is  a  new  treatment  of  the 
co-operative  subject.  Heretofore 
writers  of  books  have  contented 
themselves  with  accounts  of  co¬ 
operative  work  where  established. 
It  has  been  mostly  propaganda 
and  exhortation.  This  was  all 
good  in  its  time.  But  we  have 
grown  beyond  .it.  Farmers  are 
now  committed  to  co-operation. 
Once  shy  of  it,  they  are  at  last  a 
unit  for  it.  What  they  want  now 
is  principles  and  definite  policies 
that  have  pr«.  ved  successful.  This 
book  is  the  first  real  attempt  to 
supply  this  want.  Other,  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  better,  books  will 
follow  on  this  line;  but  for  the 
present  there  is  no  other  book 
seriously  treating  the  subject  of 
organized  co-operation. 
Bound  in  Cloth  Price  $1.00 
The  Rural  New-Yorker,  333  West  30th  St.,  New  York 
