The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1193 
Busy  Times  in  North  Country 
Our  friend  Willett  Randall  -who  lives 
in  Warren  Co.,  N.  Y.,  far  up  in  the  North 
Country,  sends  the  picture  showing  a 
couple  of  beagle  pups  and  their  close  com¬ 
panion.  We  have  had  some  records  of 
busy  men  and  women  but  see  if  Mr. 
Randall,  in  the  following  report,  does 
not  rank  near  the  head : 
“I  am  in  the  midst  of  a  big  haying 
which  I  have  so  far  nearly  handled  alone. 
Help  is  impossible  in  these  parts,  and 
wages  beyond  the  average  mortal  who 
tills  the  soil.  What  are  we  coming  to 
anyway?  I  never  saw  a  time  before  but 
I  could  get  help  of  some  sort,  but  not  so 
this  year,  and  the  best  I  can  do  is  what 
I  can  handle  alone.  I  have  so  much  to 
do  that  I  cannot  hit  this  pace  much 
longer.  Why  should  tve  kill  ourselves, 
while  the  world  rides  the  gas  cogs?  As 
an  example,  I  have  70  beagles,  milking 
six  cows,  and  have  53  goats,  nearly  all 
of  which  must  be  milked  once  a  day,  as 
kids  cannot  take  all.  Then  I  have  107 
Jersey  Giants,  and  more  than  100  young 
guineas,  to  say  nothing  of  the  sheep 
flocks,  and  the  other  animals,  including 
the  pheasants,  and  birds,  which  must  be 
looked  after  and  fed— and  worst  of  all  is, 
I  am  entirely  alone,  but  I  am  getting  by.” 
Liver  Disease 
What  is  the  matter  with  several  chick¬ 
ens  I  have  killed?  They  were  nice  and 
plump,  the  fat  yellow.  When  dressed 
the  liver  was  all  spotted  with  hard  white 
spots  like  kernels.  A-  B- 
Auburn,  N.  Y. 
There  are  several  diseases  common 
among  hens  in  which  the  liver  may  be 
found  to  be  spotted  with  whitish  or  yet- 
lowish  areas.  Tuberculosis,  aspergillosis 
and  coccidiosis  are  among  these.  As 
such  diseases  may  be  chronic  m  their 
nature,  the  liver  may  show  these  lesions 
before  an  advanced  stage  resulting  in  loss 
of  flesh  and  evident  sickness  is  reached. 
M.  B.  D. 
Effect  of  Artificial  Light 
I  have  about  <100  pullets  and  I  wish  ,.o 
use  lights  this  Winter.  I  have  been  told 
that  lights  hurt  them.  Do  you  think  it 
would  injure  their  breeding  qualities  their 
second  laying  year?  Would  it  pay  to 
give  them  a  12-hour  day  through  the 
Winter  months,  say  turn  on  the  lights 
about  5.30  in  the  morning?  W.  H.  G. 
Selbyville,  Del. 
The  use  of  artificial  lighting  during  the 
Winter  months  has  become  general,  and 
I  know  of  no  reason  for  thinking  that 
pullets  will  be  injured  as  future  breeders 
by  using  lights  in  their  pens  during  their 
first  laying  season. 
I  should  expect  artificial  lighting  to 
pay  well  with  a  flock  of  well-developed 
pullets,  600  in  number,  other  conditions 
being  favorable.  Lights  should  be  used 
to  give  about  a  13-hour  day,  commencing 
when  the  days  begin  to  grow  short  in  the 
Fall,  or  the  evening  lunch  method  may  be 
followed.  This  consists  in  turning  on 
lights  and  giving  a  full  feeding,  about  8 
o’clock  in  the  evening,  the  hens  being 
called  from  their  perches  for  this  meal. 
The  idea  is  to  shorten  the  Winter  night 
artificially  and  avoid  the  long  interval 
that  otherwise  occurs  between  the  early 
evening  and  late  morning  of  Fall  and 
Winter  days.  B-  D- 
Rations  for  Poultry  Ducks  and  Rabbits 
What  is  meant  by  an  equally  balanced 
ration  for  poultry?  I  mean  by  this  the 
percentage  of  protein,  carbohydrates,  fat, 
crude  fibre,  etc?  Is  the  following  a  good 
mixture  for  a  growing _ feed?  100  lbs. 
bran,  50  lbs.  cornmeal,  50  lbs  flour  mid¬ 
dlings,  50  lbs.  ground  oats  (flour),  50  lbs. 
Alfalfa,  25  lbs.  meat,  25  lbs.  dried  milk 
or  buttermilk.  For  a  laying  feed  the 
same  with  only  50  lbs.  bran.  For  Mus¬ 
covy  ducks  (old),  100  lbs.  bran,  50  lbs. 
cornmeal,  50  lbs.  Alfalfa,  10  lbs.  meat. 
Young  ducks — the  same  with  only  5  lbs. 
meat.  Would  milk  be  good  added  to  these 
duck  mixtures,  and  how  much?  What 
would  be  a  good  mixture  of  dry  feed  for 
rabbits?  ^  .  A.  c.  H. 
Vineland,  N.  J. 
A  balanced  poultry  ration  is  one  con¬ 
taining  protein  and  carbohydrates  in 
proper  proportion  for  good  results,  with¬ 
out  wrnste.  This  proportion  for  growing 
stock  and  layers  is  one  part  protein  to 
from  four  to  five  of  carbohydrates. 
These  are  good  mixtures,  though  Alfalfa 
is  not  as  much  used  as  formerly  ground 
mashes,  because  clover  or  Alfalfa  can 
be  substituted  for  it. 
Mature  ducks  are  fed  mashes  similar  to 
those  given  laying  hens,  though  wfith  a 
greater  proportion  of  meat  scrap,  about 
10  per  cent.  From  one  to  two  parts  of 
green  stuff  are  also  added,  green  stuff 
being  an  essential  ingredient  of  the  ration 
of  both  old  and  young  ducks.  Milk  is 
also  a  good  food  for  ducks,  when  added 
to  the  mash  enough  should  be  used  to 
make  this  of  a  crumbly  consistency. 
In  addition  to  hay  and  vegetables  and 
green  stuff,  rabbits  are  fed  whole  or 
crushed  grains,  oats  being  one  of  the  best 
grain  foods.  Barley  and  corn,  cornmeal 
and  wheat  bran  give  variety  to  the  ration. 
These  grains  may  be  fed  with  oats  as  the 
staple.  Crushed  oats  and  bran  may  be 
fed  rabbits  too  young  to  eat  whole  grain. 
No  particular  mixtures  need  be  used. 
M.  B.  D. 
The  Poultry  Business  in  Florida 
G.  V.  D.,  on  page  1065,  asked  about 
the  poultry  business  in  Florida.  First,  I 
think  he  would  make  a  mistake  in  locat¬ 
ing  in  the  city  of  De  Land ;  that  is,  in  or 
too  near  any  city.  This  applies  to  Pal- 
atke,  Ocala,  Gainesville,  Lushing,  Or¬ 
lando,  or  any  city.  Take,  for  instance, 
the  small  town  of  McIntosh,  a  village  of 
less  than  400,  almost  entirely  farmers, 
with  farming  lands  a  mile  out.  but  living 
in  the  little  village  for  the  convenience  of 
telephone,  telegraph,  express,  post  office, 
etc.  This  little  town,  with  the  outside 
farmers,  ships  lots  of  chickens  and  eggs. 
Quite  a  few  shipments  are  made  to  Mi¬ 
ami,  some  to  Key  West.  We  are  just 
about  100  miles  from  Jacksonville.  The 
big  advantage  in  not  being  too  near  a 
city  is  cost  of  location ;  land  will  cost 
much  less.  One  thing  I  would  "suggest  is 
to  get  good  land  ;  get  rolling,  well-drained 
land.  Where  I  am  visiting  in  Maryland 
my  hostess  has  about  500  chickens.  From 
my  observation  it  costs  me  about  one- 
third  less  to  produce  eggs  and  chickens 
in  Florida  than  it  does  here ;  less  houses, 
more  outdoor  life ;  less  disease  and  in¬ 
sects.  I  have  much  less  trouble  in  con¬ 
trolling  lice  and  mites  than  they  seem  to 
have  here.  Our  market  for  chickens  and 
eggs  is  about  the  same.  Get  an  idea  of 
the  building  and  development  in  progress 
in  Florida.  You  will  realize  what  the 
Summer  demand  is,  not  counting  the 
Georgia,  Alabama  and  Carolina  people 
who  visit  our  beaches.  While  Mr.  White 
may  say  your  cold  Winters  keep  vermin 
in  check,  close  housing  aids  vermin.  We 
have  mere  skeletons  for  houses,  and  give 
chickens  more  room.  Keep  houses  free 
of  vermin  and  chickens  will  not  be  both¬ 
ered.  I  don’t  know  about  New  York,  but 
I  am  sure  that  chickens  can  be  made 
much  more  profitabl  wirh  me  than  here 
within  30  miles  of  Baltimore.  Feeding 
cost  is  much  less.  My  chickens  find  more 
food  on  the  range,  and  the  orange  trees 
furnish  shade.  Tell  G.  V.  D.  to  be  care¬ 
ful  of  location  ;  get  fertile  land  to  grow 
feed,  rolling  land  for  drainage. 
Miama  Co.,  Fla.  s.  ii.  gaitskill. 
Sandy  and  his  lass  had  been  sitting  to¬ 
gether  about  half  an  hour  in  silence. 
“Maggie,”  he  said  at  length,  “wasna  I 
here  on  the  iSawbeth  nicht?”  “Aye, 
Sandy,  Idaur  say  you  were.”  “An’  wasna 
I  here  on  Monday  nicht?”  “Aye,  so  ye 
were.”  “An’  I  was  here  on  Tuesday 
nicht,  an’  Wednesday  nicht,  an’  Thurs¬ 
day  nicht,  an’  Friday  nicht?”  “Aye,  I’m 
thinkin’  that’s  so.”  “An’  this  is  Saturday 
nicht,  an’  I’m  here  again.”  “Well,  I’m 
sure  ye’re  very  welcome.”  Sandy  (des¬ 
perately)  :  “Maggie,  woman!  D’e  no  be¬ 
gin  to  suspect  something?” — The  Conti¬ 
nent. 
HOTELPENN-POST 
31st  St.  and  8th  Ave.  NEW  YORK  CITY 
Five  minutes  from  anywhere.  Opposite  Penn.  Sta¬ 
tion,  Gen.  P  O.  200  new  modern  rooms,  furnished 
by  Wanamaker,  $1.50  per  day,  $9  per  week.  Turk¬ 
ish  bath  in  connection,  50c.  Telephone— 514  Chelsea 
SYRACUSE  UNIVERSITY 
UOllege  Ot  Agriculture  Hyraense,N.Y.  Canenroll  about 
75  more  students  for  the  coming  year.  Courses  practical. 
Our  graduates  are  in  demand.  Registration  Sept.  17  to  19. 
Cider  Apples  Wanted  in  Ta?i„Sdtot?ieB  or 
JOHN  F.  WIlKENS  PEEKSKILL,  N.  Y.  Tel.  21-F-4 
Cider  Apples  Wanted  STEPHEN  REYNOLD*. So!  Norwalk, Conn. 
FINE  WHITE  ENVELOPES  neatly  printed  with  your  re¬ 
turn  name  and  address  on  corner,  mailed  postpaid  for  only 
50  Cents  Write  for  samples  of  Letter  Heads  and  other 
kinds  ^printing.  R.  N.  HOWIE,  Printer,  BEEBE  PLAIN,  VT. 
Iris,  Peonies  and  Honey  w.  H.  T0PPIM,  Mercbantville,  N.  J. 
Subscribers*  Exchange 
Other  Advertisements  of  Subscribers 
Exchange  will  be  found  on  page  1195. 
FOR  SALE — SZ^-acre  farm,  8-room  house, 
large  outbuildings,  2  cellars,  2  wells  of  wa¬ 
ter,  fruit  trees  of  all  kinds,  including  5  bear¬ 
ing  English  walnut  trees,  good  fences,  perma¬ 
nent  pasture,  good  stream  of  water,  fine  for 
dairy  or  for  irrigation  purposes,  IV2  miles  from 
Elmer,  good  reason  for  selling;-  send  for  map, 
description  and  price.  Address  OWNER,  P.  O. 
Box  491,  Elmer,  Salem  Co.,  N.  J. 
ORANGE  County  farm,  90  acres,  8  miles  from 
Newburgh,  on  State  road;  fruit,  wood,  and 
improvements;  $7,000,  terms.  H.  C.  H1XCK, 
Wallkill,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE  for  small  farm  in 
New  Jersey,  300  acres  in  Bradford  oil  dis¬ 
trict;  fine  improvements;  free  gas;  a  bargain 
seldom  offered  if  taken  at  once.  ADVER¬ 
TISER  3980,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 
WANTED — Farm  3  to  10  acres  near  commuting 
station;  will  exchange  suburban  home;  small 
mortgage.  F.  I’.  DARTE,  Ridgefield  Park, 
N.  J. 
FOR  SALE — Farm,  130  acres,  70  cultivated.  60 
pasture;  200  apple  trees,  pears,  plums,  cher¬ 
ries,  and  grapes;  16-room  house;  barn,  85x30; 
18  head  cattle,  2  horses,  25  cnicKens,  wagona, 
carriages,  sleighs,  all  farm  harness,  all  farm 
machinery,  about  100  tons  hay,  oats,  potatoes, 
plenty  lumber  and  timber  on  the  place;  3  miles 
to  station;  $7,500,  cash  $3,000;  reason  for  sell¬ 
ing,  old  age.  EDEN  BROS.,  Tarksville,  Sul¬ 
livan  Co.,  N.  Y. 
SOUTH  FLORIDA  farm  in  the  hills  of  Pasco 
County  for  sale;  20  acres,  196  young  citrus 
trees,  3-room  house,  2  horses,  tools  and  auto¬ 
mobile;  $3,000.  H.  J.  ROBERTS,  Dade  City, 
Florida. 
FOR  SALE— 80-acre  farm,  Connecticut,  fully 
stocked,  machinery,  crops;  fine  large  house 
and  barns,  other  buildings:  abundance  water, 
fruit.  Address  ADVERTISER  4008,  care  Rural 
New-Yorker. 
FOR  SALE — 13  aci-es  at.  $500  per  acre;  12  acres 
at  $1,000  per  acre;  no  buildings.  Address 
A.  L.  CLAPP,  West  Englewood,  N.  J. 
WANTED — Small  farm  suitable  for  poultry, 
commuting  distance  Grand  Central  Station; 
7-8-room  comfortable  house;  small  cash  pay¬ 
ment.  ADVERTISER  4007,  care  Rural  New- 
Yorker. 
FOR  SALE— 155-acre  farm  bordering  on  lake; 
10-room  house,  3-story  barn  40x60,  modernly 
equipped,  hen  house,  granary,  millk  house,  fruit 
and  timber.  WARD  LOOMIS,  Bainbridge,  N.  Y. 
WANTED  to  buy  an  old  waterpower  grist  mill 
in  the  country.  J.  E.  MATTHEWS,  McKean 
Co.,  Clermont,  Pa. 
FOR  SALE — 38  acres  near  Trenton,  train,  trol¬ 
ley,  schools,  stores;  stock  and  equipment  in¬ 
cluded.  CHAS.  M.  RANDALL,  Washington 
Crossing,  Pa. 
Miscellaneous 
WANTED — By  experienced  nurse  and  excel¬ 
lent  cook,  care  of  an  invalid.  ADVERTISER 
3989,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 
HONEY' — Pure,  extracted,  postpaid  first  three 
zones;  clover,  5  lbs.,  $1.25;  10  lbs.,  $2.15; 
buckwheat,  5  lbs.,  $1;  10  lbs.,  $1.80;  satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  WALNUT  ORCHARD  FARM, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
HOMES  WANTED — There  is  no  greater  charity 
than  to  offer  a  home  to  a  friendless,  deserving 
boy  between  the  ages  of  7  and  12  years;  tills 
is  real  charity,  and  we  earnestly  solicit  the  co¬ 
operation  of  Catholic  families  (New  York  State 
only.)  Address  PLACING  OUT  BUREAN,  415 
Broome  St.,  New  York  City. 
FOR  SALE  —  Keystone  traction  driller,  full 
equipment,  cheap;  good  all  around  practical 
operator  wanted  for  No.  5  machine;  references. 
T.  S.  MOORE,  Stockton,  N.  J. 
NEW  clover  honey,  fine  quality;  in  60-lb.  cans, 
$8.40;  20-lbs.,  $3.60,  f.o.b.  G.  W.  BEI.DEN, 
Berkshire,  N.  Y. 
ALFALFA — Several  ears  first  cutting  ready; 
Timotbv,  clover  and  second  cutting  later. 
W.  A.  WITHROW,  Route  4,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
MILK  CHOCOLATE — Made  at  our  dairy;  the 
best  you  ever  tasted;  box  of  120  pieces,  2  lbs. 
net,  postpaid,  for  $1;  stores  sell  this  for  $1.75; 
thousands  of  Rural  New-Yorker  readers  among 
my  well  satisfied  customers.  Are  you  one  of 
them?  Please  send  remittance  with  order. 
WILLIAM  WIND,  Babylon,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE — Choice  white  clover  extracted 
honey.  5-lb.  pail,  $1.15;  10-lb.  pail,  $2.15; 
delivered  to  3d  postal  zone;  one  60-lb.  can,  $8; 
two  60-lb.  cans,  $15,  f.o.b.  Holgate,  Ohio.  NOAH 
BORDNER,  Holgate,  Ohio. 
STANDARD  varieties  apples,  cider  apples,  etc. 
BUCHAN  FRUIT  CO.,  Waterville,  Nova 
Scotia. 
APPLE  GRADER,  250-bbl.  capacity.  JOHN 
SARLE,  Schuylerville,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE — B-L-K  milker;  two  double  units; 
extra  pail,  vacuum  tank,  pump  and  gauge; 
perfect  condition;  price,  $125,  or  might  sell 
units  separate.  JOHN  G.  ELLIS,  Lee,  Mass. 
FOR  SALE — 3,000-egg  Candee,  four  390-egg 
Cyphers,  and  three  600-egg  Buckeye  incuba¬ 
tors:  good  condition.  E.  H.  &  C.  W.  HAST¬ 
INGS,  Homer,  N.  Y. 
HONEY — Quart,  85c;  gallon,  $2.75;  delivered. 
RICHARD  D.  BARCLAY,  Riverton,  N.  J. 
FOR  SALE — Fall  and  Winter  apples  and  pure 
maple  syrup.  0.  J.  YODER,  Grantsville,  Md. 
SLEEP  on  Adirondack  balsam  pillow;  soothing, 
refreshing,  invigorating;  pleasing  gift  for 
shut-in  friends  or  well  ones;  picked  fresh;  cre¬ 
tonne  cover;  3-lb.,  $1.25,  prepaid;  check  with 
order.  HANNAH  PAYNE,  No.  2  Racquette 
Lake,  N.  Y. 
POR  ADOPTION — A  strong,  healthy  baby  boy, 
8  months  old;  would  like  a  nice  respectable 
home  for  him  as  I  am  not  able  to  care  for  him 
alone.  A.  E.  S.,  Box  108,  Norwell  Mass. 
BUCKEYE  Mammoth  incubators — One  4,608-egg, 
one  10,368-egg;  like  new;  bargains  for  quick 
sale.  ULSTER  POULTRY  FARMS,  Wallkill, 
N.  Y. 
HONEY— Pure  clover,  5  lbs.,  $1.10;  10  lbs.,  $2; 
postpaid  and  insured;  try  a  pail;  you  will 
want  another.  RANSOM  FARM,  1310  Spring 
St.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
FOR  SALE — Clover  honey  in  5-lb.  pails  at  $1.10; 
buckwheat  in  5-lb.  pails  at  90c,  prepaid  first 
and  second  zones;  add  10c  for  every  additional 
zone.  EUCEPHUS  BECKER,  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 
WANTED— Hall  incubator.  CHAS.  MILLS, 
North  Haven,  Conn. 
CLOVER  HONEY— Choice  quality,  6-lb.  can, 
$1.50;  two  5-lb.  pails.  $2.25;  four  5-lb.  pails, 
$4.25,  postpaid  into  third  zone;  60-lb.  can,  $8; 
two  60-lb.  cans,  $15  f.o.b.  HUGH  G.  GREGG, 
Elbridge.  N.  Y 
1 - — — - - 
SAUERKRAUT— Our  own  make,  10-lb.  size  can, 
$1.50,  delivered.  300  miles  New  York  City. 
SUNNY  BROOK  FARM,  Winterton,  N.  Y. 
- - - - 
HONEY — New  crop  clover,  excellent  quality; 
10-lbs..  2d  zene,  $2.10;  3d  zone,  $2.20. 
FAULKNER  APIARIES,  Basking  Ridge,  N.  ,T. 
HONEY — Pure,  extracted,  60-lb.  can,  here, 
clover,  $8.40,  buckwheat  $7;  40  lbs.  $5.60, 
buckwheat  $5;  attractive  prices  on  5-lb.  pails, 
many  or  few;  10  lbs,  prepaid  within  ad  zone 
$2.15,  buckwheat  $1.90.  RAY  C.  WILCOX, 
Odessa,  N.  Y. 
Organized  Co-operation 
A  NEW  BOOK 
By  JOHN  J.  DILLON 
This  book  is  written  in  three 
parts. 
PART  ONE.— The  Develop¬ 
ment  of  the  Agricultural  Indus¬ 
try.  In  five  chapters. 
PART  TWO.  —  Fundamental 
Principles  and  Adaptable  Forms 
of  Co-operative  Organization.  In 
ten  chapters. 
PART  THREE.  —  Application 
of  Co-operation  to  Efficient  and 
Economic  Distribution  of  Farm 
Products.  In  seven  chapters. 
This  is  a  new  treatment  of  the 
co-operative  subject.  Heretofore 
writers  of  books  have  contented 
themselves  with  accounts  of  co¬ 
operative  work  where  established. 
It  has  been  mostly  propaganda 
and  exhortation.  This  was  all 
good  in  its  time.  But  we  have 
grown  beyond  it.  Farmers  are 
now  committed  to  co-operation. 
Once  shy  of  it,  they  are  at  last  a 
unit  for  it.  What  they  want  now 
is  principles  and  definite  policies 
that  have  pr  ved  successful.  This 
book  is  the  first  real  attempt  to 
supply  this  want.  Other,  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  better,  books  will 
follow  on  this  line;  but  for  the 
present  there  is  no  other  book 
seriously  treating  the  subject  of 
organized  co-operation. 
Bound  in  Cloth  Price  $1.00 
The  Rural  New-Yorker,  333  West  30th  St.,  New  York 
liud  Randall,  With  His  Pet  Beagle  Pups,  Hike  and  Pat 
